Shingo Haketa (羽毛田 信吾, Haketa Shingo; born 5 April 1942) is a Japanese bureaucrat. He served as Grand Steward of the…Shingo Haketa (羽毛田 信吾, Haketa Shingo; born 5 April 1942) is a Japanese bureaucrat. He served as Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency from 1 April 2005 to 1 June 2012. Appointed by Prime Minister Junichirō Koizumi, a promoter of absolute primogeniture, Haketa is known as a supporter of the report submitted by the Advisory Council on Imperial Household Act, recommending absolute primogeniture. He criticized Prince Tomohito of Mikasa for his comment that agnatic primogeniture should be kept, and requested the members of the Imperial House to refrain from expressing their opinions on the succession. Right after the birth of Prince Hisahito of Akishino, he commented that the newborn prince would not solve the succession crisis, and insisted that the law be changed. In November 2011, he held a meeting with Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda to discuss the possibility for allowing women to head branches of the Imperial House (rather than losing imperial status upon marriage), in order to replenish the number of imperial members who can help fulfill the court-related duties. He had worked at the Ministry of Health until he was installed as Vice-Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency in 2001. Among his senior colleagues at the Ministry of Health was Teijiro Furukawa, a member of the Advisory Council on the Imperial Household Law. Haketa announced his retirement effective 1 June 2012, and was replaced by Noriyuki Kazaoka.
Ikuhiko Hata (秦 郁彦, Hata Ikuhiko; born 12 December 1932) is a Japanese historian. He earned his PhD at the University…Ikuhiko Hata (秦 郁彦, Hata Ikuhiko; born 12 December 1932) is a Japanese historian. He earned his PhD at the University of Tokyo and has taught history at several universities. He is the author of a number of influential and well-received scholarly works, particularly on topics related to Japan's role in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. He has written extensively on such controversial subjects as the Nanjing Massacre and the comfort women. He does not believe that comfort women were coerced by the Japanese military to work. Fellow historian Edward Drea has called him "the doyen of Japanese military historians". Hata is variously regarded as being a "conservative" historian or a "centrist".
Yoshiro Hayashi (林 義郎, Hayashi Yoshirō; 16 June 1927 – 3 February 2017) was a Japanese politician who was Minister of…Yoshiro Hayashi (林 義郎, Hayashi Yoshirō; 16 June 1927 – 3 February 2017) was a Japanese politician who was Minister of Finance from 1992 to 1993 and Minister of Health and Welfare from 1982 to 1983. He was elected ten times as a member of the House of Representatives since 1969.
Eisaku Satō (佐藤 栄作, Satō Eisaku; 27 March 1901 – 3 June 1975) was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of…Eisaku Satō (佐藤 栄作, Satō Eisaku; 27 March 1901 – 3 June 1975) was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972. He was the third longest-serving and longest-uninterrupted–serving Japanese prime minister. Satō is best remembered for securing the return of Okinawa in 1972, and for winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1974, which stirred controversy. He was a former elite bureaucrat like his elder brother Nobusuke Kishi and a member of the Yoshida school like Hayato Ikeda. Like his predecessor, he also supported Keynesian economic policies. Born in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Satō was a member of the Satō–Kishi–Abe family and the younger brother of prime minister Nobusuke Kishi. Satō graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1924 and joined the Ministry of Railways. After the war, he entered the National Diet in 1949 as a member of the Liberal Party, and served in a series of cabinet positions under Shigeru Yoshida, including posts and telecommunications minister from 1951 to 1952, construction minister from 1952 to 1953, and chief cabinet secretary from 1953 to 1954. Satō later joined the Liberal Democratic Party and became finance minister from 1958 to 1960 under Nobusuke Kishi and international trade and industry minister from 1961 to 1962 under Hayato Ikeda. In 1964, Satō succeeded Ikeda as LDP president and prime minister. He had the support of Japanese business and finance, and presided over a period of rapid economic growth. In foreign policy, he oversaw the normalization of diplomatic relations with South Korea and maintained close relations with the United States, allowing the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty to renew in 1970 and arranging for the return of Okinawa to Japan in 1972. In 1967, Satō introduced the "Three Non-Nuclear Principles" (the non-production, non-possession, and non-introduction of nuclear weapons), and in 1968 signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. However, it was later revealed that Satō had made secret agreements with the U.S. to allow violations of the principles. Facing mounting economic problems and falling approval ratings in the early 1970s, Satō resigned in 1972 and was succeeded as prime minister by Kakuei Tanaka, quickly losing his political influence when his protégé Takeo Fukuda did not succeed him.
Nobusuke Kishi (岸 信介, Kishi Nobusuke; 13 November 1896 – 7 August 1987) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who…Nobusuke Kishi (岸 信介, Kishi Nobusuke; 13 November 1896 – 7 August 1987) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1957 to 1960. As a prominent reform bureaucrat, he directed the exploitative economic management of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in China in the 1930s, and later served in the wartime cabinet. Following World War II, he was imprisoned as a suspected war criminal. After his release, he helped found the Liberal Democratic Party. As Prime Minister, Kishi forcefully revised the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty, but was compelled to resign following the massive Anpo protests the unpopular treaty had provoked. For his behind-the-scenes role in numerous important events, Kishi retrospectively received the nickname "Yōkai of the Shōwa era" (昭和の妖怪; Shōwa no yōkai). Kishi was the founder of the Satō–Kishi–Abe dynasty in Japanese politics, with his younger brother Eisaku Satō and his grandson Shinzo Abe both later serving as prime ministers of Japan. Born in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Kishi graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1920. He rose through the ranks at the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and during the 1930s led the industrial development of Manchukuo, where he exploited Chinese slave labor. Kishi served in the wartime cabinet of Hideki Tōjō as minister of commerce and industry from 1941 to 1943 and vice minister of munitions from 1943 to 1944. At the end of the war in 1945, Kishi was imprisoned as a suspected Class A war criminal, but U.S. occupation authorities did not charge, try, or convict him, and released him in 1948 during the Reverse Course. At the end of the occupation in 1952, Kishi was de-purged, enabling his election to the National Diet in 1953. With overt and covert U.S. support, he consolidated Japanese conservatives against perceived threats from the Japan Socialist Party, and in 1955 was instrumental in forming the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Kishi was thus key in establishing the "1955 System" under which the LDP remains Japan's dominant party. Kishi served as the first secretary-general of the LDP and as foreign minister under Prime Minister Tanzan Ishibashi before succeeding Ishibashi in 1957. During his tenure, Kishi had the strong backing of business, and promoted domestic industry and commercial interests in Southeast Asia. In 1958, he introduced a bill which would have granted police vastly expanded powers, but withdrew it under heavy opposition. Kishi's mishandling of the 1960 revision of the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty led to the Anpo protests, the largest protests in Japan's modern history, and he resigned in disgrace. He remained a member of the House of Representatives until 1979 as a staunch anti-communist and conservative with links to right-wing groups.
Genki Abe (安倍源基, Abe Genki; 14 February 1894 – 8 October 1989) was a lawyer, police bureaucrat and cabinet minister in…Genki Abe (安倍源基, Abe Genki; 14 February 1894 – 8 October 1989) was a lawyer, police bureaucrat and cabinet minister in early Shōwa era Japan.
Kodama Kyūichi (児玉九一; 3 August 1893 – 23 May 1960) was a Japanese Home Ministry government official, politician and…Kodama Kyūichi (児玉九一; 3 August 1893 – 23 May 1960) was a Japanese Home Ministry government official, politician and governor. He was the son of the General Kodama Gentarō.
Takekai Shirane (25 May 1883 – 5 March 1957) was a Japanese official who served as Chief Cabinet Secretary under Prime…Takekai Shirane (25 May 1883 – 5 March 1957) was a Japanese official who served as Chief Cabinet Secretary under Prime Minister Keisuke Okada from 1935 to 1936. An official in the Home Ministry, he served as governor of a large number of prefectures throughout his career, including Hyōgo, Hiroshima and Shizuoka.
Ushimaro Sawada (沢田 牛麿, Sawada Ushimaro; 6 February 1874 – 29 January 1958) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician…Ushimaro Sawada (沢田 牛麿, Sawada Ushimaro; 6 February 1874 – 29 January 1958) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as Governor of Aomori Prefecture, Governor of Saga Prefecture, Governor of Ishikawa Prefecture, Governor of Fukuoka Prefecture, 19th Director-General of the Hokkaidō Agency, and later as a member of the House of Peers.
Kamiyama Mitsunoshin (上山 満之進, 31 October 1869 – 30 July 1938) was the 11th Governor-General of Taiwan (1926–1928). He…Kamiyama Mitsunoshin (上山 満之進, 31 October 1869 – 30 July 1938) was the 11th Governor-General of Taiwan (1926–1928). He was Governor of Kumamoto Prefecture (1912–1913).
Nakashōji Ren (仲小路 廉; 12 August 1866 – 17 January 1924) was a politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of…Nakashōji Ren (仲小路 廉; 12 August 1866 – 17 January 1924) was a politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan. Nakashōji was a graduate of the Osaka Prefectural Kitano High School. After graduating from the Kaisei Academy, he worked for a period as court-appointed attorney in the lower court system, and subsequently as a legal councilor in the Court of Appeals and assessor in the Administrative Court system. Afterwards, he entered the central government bureaucracy, and served in various capacities within the Ministry of Communications and Home Ministry. He was selected as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce under the Third Katsura Cabinet from 1912 to 1913, and again to the same portfolio under the Terauchi Cabinet from 1916 to 1918. He was later appointed to a seat in the Upper House of the Diet of Japan, and served on the Privy Council.
Prince Yamagata Isaburō (山縣 伊三郎; born Katsu Isaburō; 6 February 1858 – 24 September 1927) was a Japanese politician…Prince Yamagata Isaburō (山縣 伊三郎; born Katsu Isaburō; 6 February 1858 – 24 September 1927) was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister, and Japanese Inspector-General of Korea. His wife was the daughter of Katō Hiroyuki.
Egi Kazuyuki (江木 千之, Kazuyuki Egi; 21 May 1853 – 23 August 1932) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician in Meiji and…Egi Kazuyuki (江木 千之, Kazuyuki Egi; 21 May 1853 – 23 August 1932) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician in Meiji and Taishō period.
Hattori Ichizo (Japanese: 服部 一三, Hepburn: Hattori Ichizō; 13 March 1851 – 25 January 1929) was a Japanese politician…Hattori Ichizo (Japanese: 服部 一三, Hepburn: Hattori Ichizō; 13 March 1851 – 25 January 1929) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from July to December 1898. He was also governor of Iwate Prefecture (1891–1898), Nagasaki Prefecture (1898–1900) and Hyōgo Prefecture (1900–1916). He was the first president of the Seismological Society of Japan (1880–1882), as well as president of Kyoritsu Women's University (1886–1891). He was on the faculty of the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University.
Viscount Shinagawa Yajirō (品川 弥二郎; 20 November 1843 – 26 February 1900) was a Japanese samurai of the Chōshū Domain and…Viscount Shinagawa Yajirō (品川 弥二郎; 20 November 1843 – 26 February 1900) was a Japanese samurai of the Chōshū Domain and politician who became Home Minister in the early Meiji period.
Baron Utsumi Tadakatsu (内海 忠勝; 12 September 1843 – 20 January 1905) was a Japanese bureaucrat, statesman and cabinet…Baron Utsumi Tadakatsu (内海 忠勝; 12 September 1843 – 20 January 1905) was a Japanese bureaucrat, statesman and cabinet minister, active in Meiji period Empire of Japan.
Viscount Inoue Masaru (井上 勝; 25 August 1843 – 2 August 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known…Viscount Inoue Masaru (井上 勝; 25 August 1843 – 2 August 1910) was the first Director of Railways in Japan and is known as the "father of the Japanese railways".
Ōmura Masujirō (大村 益次郎; May 30, 1824 – December 7, 1869) was a Japanese military leader and theorist in Bakumatsu…Ōmura Masujirō (大村 益次郎; May 30, 1824 – December 7, 1869) was a Japanese military leader and theorist in Bakumatsu period Japan. He was the "Father" of the Imperial Japanese Army, launching a modern military force closely patterned after the French system of the day.