Makoto Koga (古賀 誠, Koga Makoto; born 5 August 1940) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party…Makoto Koga (古賀 誠, Koga Makoto; born 5 August 1940) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) and formerly Minister of Transport. A native of Setaka, Fukuoka and graduate of Nihon University, he was elected for the first time in 1980 after an unsuccessful run in 1979. The character Tetsuya Gamon in the manga Akumetsu is based on him.
Hifumi Katō (加藤 一二三, Katō Hifumi; January 1, 1940 – January 22, 2026) was a Japanese professional shogi player who…Hifumi Katō (加藤 一二三, Katō Hifumi; January 1, 1940 – January 22, 2026) was a Japanese professional shogi player who achieved the rank of 9-dan. During his career, he won the Meijin, Tenth Dan, Ōi, Kiō and Ōshō major titles. He also held the record for being the youngest to have been awarded regular professional status at age 14 years and 7 months until Sōta Fujii broke it at age 14 years and 2 months in 2016. Since his given name is written using the kanji characters for the numbers "one","two" and "three", Katō was known to his fans by the nickname "Hifumin" (ひふみん).
Wataru Asō (麻生 渡, Asō Wataru; 15 May 1939 – 15 March 2025) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as the…Wataru Asō (麻生 渡, Asō Wataru; 15 May 1939 – 15 March 2025) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as the Governor of Fukuoka from 1995 to 2011. From 2005 to 2011 he was also President of the National Governors Association (Japan) (全国知事会, Zenkoku Chiji-kai).
Masao Adachi (足立 正生 Adachi Masao, born May 13, 1939) is a Japanese screenwriter, director, actor and former Japanese…Masao Adachi (足立 正生 Adachi Masao, born May 13, 1939) is a Japanese screenwriter, director, actor and former Japanese Red Army member who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s. He was born in Fukuoka Prefecture.
Kazuo Tomita (富田 一雄, Tomita Kazuo) (born 1939) is a Japanese swimmer and Olympic medalist. He participated at the 1960…Kazuo Tomita (富田 一雄, Tomita Kazuo) (born 1939) is a Japanese swimmer and Olympic medalist. He participated at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, winning a bronze medal in 4 × 100 metre medley relay. He also previously participated at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
Koichi Hirakida (開田 幸一, Hirakida Kōichi) (7 May 1938 – 23 September 1993) was a Japanese butterfly swimmer and Olympic…Koichi Hirakida (開田 幸一, Hirakida Kōichi) (7 May 1938 – 23 September 1993) was a Japanese butterfly swimmer and Olympic medalist. He participated at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, winning a bronze medal in 4 x 100 metre medley relay.
Leiji Matsumoto (Japanese: 松本零士, Hepburn: Matsumoto Reiji; born Akira Matsumoto (松本晟); January 25, 1938 – February 13…Leiji Matsumoto (Japanese: 松本零士, Hepburn: Matsumoto Reiji; born Akira Matsumoto (松本晟); January 25, 1938 – February 13, 2023) was a Japanese manga artist, and creator of several anime and manga series. He was best known for masterminding legendary franchises, such as Space Battleship Yamato, Space Pirate Captain Harlock, and Galaxy Express 999. His style was characterized by mythological and often tragic storylines with strong moral themes, noble heroes, feminine heroines, and a love of strange worlds and melancholic atmosphere. He received Medal with Purple Ribbon in 2001, Order of the Rising Sun in 2010 and Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2012.
Shinya Izumi (泉 信也, Izumi Shin'ya; born August 1, 1937) is a retired Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic…Shinya Izumi (泉 信也, Izumi Shin'ya; born August 1, 1937) is a retired Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who served as the Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission in Shinzo Abe's cabinet from August 2007 to August 2008. He also served as a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet of Japan (parliament). Born in former town of Yoshii, Fukuoka, he graduated from Kyushu University with a degree in engineering. He was elected for the first time in 1992.
Sadao Fuchigami (渕上 貞雄, Fuchigami Sadao; 19 March 1937 – 13 October 2023) was a Japanese politician and member of the…Sadao Fuchigami (渕上 貞雄, Fuchigami Sadao; 19 March 1937 – 13 October 2023) was a Japanese politician and member of the House of Councillors for the Social Democratic Party. He died from ureteral cancer on 13 October 2023, at the age of 86.
Noboru Okamoto (岡本 登, Okamoto Noboru; born 19 February 1937) is a Japanese former hammer thrower who competed in the…Noboru Okamoto (岡本 登, Okamoto Noboru; born 19 February 1937) is a Japanese former hammer thrower who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics and in the 1964 Summer Olympics. Okamoto won the British AAA Championships title in the hammer throw event at the 1962 AAA Championships.
Yoshihisa Yoshikawa (吉川 貴久, September 4, 1936 – October 12, 2019) was a Japanese shooter. He competed at the 1960…Yoshihisa Yoshikawa (吉川 貴久, September 4, 1936 – October 12, 2019) was a Japanese shooter. He competed at the 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics in the 50 m pistol event and won bronze medals in 1960 and 1964.
Natsuko Toda (戸田 奈津子, Toda Natsuko; born July 3, 1936) is a Japanese subtitler and film industry interpreter. She has…Natsuko Toda (戸田 奈津子, Toda Natsuko; born July 3, 1936) is a Japanese subtitler and film industry interpreter. She has been called "the most famous film translator in Japan [...] unquestionably" and the "Subtitle Queen". She has subtitled more than 1,000 English-language films in Japanese.
Tadayuki Inoue (井上 忠行, Inoue Tadayuki; October 25, 1935 – December 15, 2007) was a Japanese baseball player who played…Tadayuki Inoue (井上 忠行, Inoue Tadayuki; October 25, 1935 – December 15, 2007) was a Japanese baseball player who played for the Nishitetsu Lions from 1957 to 1964. His career on-base plus slugging was .506, with a high of .586 for 1962 and a low of .299 for 1957. After retiring, he became a professional baseball umpire.
Akira Ohgi (仰木 彬, Ohgi Akira; April 29, 1935 – December 15, 2005) was a professional Japanese baseball player, coach…Akira Ohgi (仰木 彬, Ohgi Akira; April 29, 1935 – December 15, 2005) was a professional Japanese baseball player, coach, and manager. He played second base for the Nishitetsu Lions from 1954 to 1968. He became a coach in 1968 for the Lions before being hired to coach the Kintetsu Buffaloes in 1970. He was promoted to manager in 1988 and managed five seasons before initially retiring. He then managed the Orix BlueWave from 1994 to 2001 before being brought back to manage the now Orix Buffaloes in 2005. Less than two months after the season ended, Ohgi died.
Masakane Yonekura (Japanese: 米倉 斉加年; 7 October 1934 – 26 August 2014) was a Japanese stage director, actor, author, and…Masakane Yonekura (Japanese: 米倉 斉加年; 7 October 1934 – 26 August 2014) was a Japanese stage director, actor, author, and illustrator who was one of the central members of the Gekidan Mingei theatre company.
Toru Goto (後藤 暢, Gotō Tōru; born June 26, 1934) is a former freestyle swimmer from Japan, who represented his native…Toru Goto (後藤 暢, Gotō Tōru; born June 26, 1934) is a former freestyle swimmer from Japan, who represented his native country at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. There he won a silver medal as a member of the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team, alongside Yoshihiro Hamaguchi, Hiroshi Suzuki and Teijiro Tanikawa. Goto was born in Fukuoka.
Kenji Yonekura (Japanese: 米倉 健司, Hepburn: Yonekura Kenji; 25 May 1934 – 20 April 2023) was a Japanese boxer who…Kenji Yonekura (Japanese: 米倉 健司, Hepburn: Yonekura Kenji; 25 May 1934 – 20 April 2023) was a Japanese boxer who competed at the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games in the flyweight division, and was a two-time world title challenger in the flyweight and bantamweight divisions. He later served as the president of Yonekura Boxing Gym.
Kentarō Ogawa (January 12, 1934 – October 8, 1995) was a Japanese professional baseball player. A right-handed…Kentarō Ogawa (January 12, 1934 – October 8, 1995) was a Japanese professional baseball player. A right-handed submarine-style pitcher, he played in Japan for the Chunichi Dragons. Ogawa was one of the top pitchers in Nippon Professional Baseball before a scandal derailed his career. During his prime years from 1965–1969, Ogawa won 93 games, including winning 20 games or more twice.
Wataru Hiromatsu (廣松 渉, August 11, 1933 – May 22, 1994) was a Japanese philosopher. He was a professor emeritus at the…Wataru Hiromatsu (廣松 渉, August 11, 1933 – May 22, 1994) was a Japanese philosopher. He was a professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo. His pen name was Gyōshō Kadomatsu (門松暁鐘).
Masashi Ishibashi (石橋雅史, Ishibashi Masashi; January 4, 1933 – December 19, 2018), was a Japanese karateka and actor. A…Masashi Ishibashi (石橋雅史, Ishibashi Masashi; January 4, 1933 – December 19, 2018), was a Japanese karateka and actor. A 7th dan black belt in Kyokushin Karate, he was an early instructor of the style under Mas Oyama, with notable students including Sonny Chiba and Terutomo Yamazaki. As an actor, Ishibashi had an extensive career in Japanese television, where was famous as portraying villains in historical dramas. He had significant presence in television productions like NHK's Taiga drama series, The Unfettered Shogun, and the Hissatsu series. He also had frequent roles in various 1970s and 1980s tokusatsu series, most notably in Super Sentai series. His movie career was mostly specialized in martial arts movies and crime dramas, including many with his longtime student Chiba.
Hiroyuki Itsuki (Japanese: 五木 寛之, born September 30, 1932) is a Japanese novelist, essayist and lyricist, best known in…Hiroyuki Itsuki (Japanese: 五木 寛之, born September 30, 1932) is a Japanese novelist, essayist and lyricist, best known in Japan by his novel The Gate of Youth and in the English-speaking world by Tariki: Embracing Despair, Discovering Peace.
Genshiro Kawamoto (川本 源司郎, Kawamoto Genshiro; 1 March 1932 – 12 February 2024) was a Japanese businessman known for his…Genshiro Kawamoto (川本 源司郎, Kawamoto Genshiro; 1 March 1932 – 12 February 2024) was a Japanese businessman known for his real estate investments in Japan, California and Hawaii. He is also notable for controversial real estate investments in the late 1980s, when he bought more than 170 properties, including many Oʻahu homes. More recently, Kawamoto is known for owning 30 properties in the Kāhala area of Honolulu where he has allowed them to be run down, attracting many complaints and media attention. Although these homes are vacant, boarded up and often vandalized, their estimated total value is $200 million. In September 2013, Kawamoto sold all of his Hawaii assets to Alexander and Baldwin for $128 million. The transaction was brokered by Steve Sombrero, president of NAI ChaneyBrooks. Born into a wealthy kimono shop owner's family in what is now Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, he went to Keio University, but did not graduate. Kawamoto died on 12 February 2024, at the age of 91.
Yasuo Tanaka (田中 寧夫, Tanaka Yasuo; born 24 February 1932) is a Japanese former swimmer. He competed in the men's 400…Yasuo Tanaka (田中 寧夫, Tanaka Yasuo; born 24 February 1932) is a Japanese former swimmer. He competed in the men's 400 metre freestyle at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Ikkō Narahara (奈良原 一高, Narahara Ikkō; November 3, 1931 – January 19, 2020) was a Japanese photographer. His work is…Ikkō Narahara (奈良原 一高, Narahara Ikkō; November 3, 1931 – January 19, 2020) was a Japanese photographer. His work is held in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
Nobuo Mii (Japanese: 三井 信雄=Mii Nobuo; July 4, 1931 – July 14, 2015), often called Nobi by English speakers, was a…Nobuo Mii (Japanese: 三井 信雄=Mii Nobuo; July 4, 1931 – July 14, 2015), often called Nobi by English speakers, was a Japanese computer pioneer who made various contributions, working for NHK and IBM, and also is an investment fund executive.
Ken Takakura (Japanese: 高倉 健, Hepburn: Takakura Ken), born Takeichi Oda (小田 剛一, Oda Takeichi; February 16, 1931 –…Ken Takakura (Japanese: 高倉 健, Hepburn: Takakura Ken), born Takeichi Oda (小田 剛一, Oda Takeichi; February 16, 1931 – November 10, 2014), was a Japanese actor and singer who appeared in over 200 films. Affectionately referred to as "Ken-san" by audiences, he was best known for his brooding style and the stoic presence he brought to his roles. He won the Japan Academy Prize for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role four times, tied with Koji Yakusho for the most ever. Takakura additionally received the Japanese Medal of Honor with purple ribbon in 1998, the Person of Cultural Merit award in 2006, and the Order of Culture in 2013.
Hachidai Nakamura (中村 八大, Nakamura Hachidai; January 20, 1931 – June 10, 1992) was a Japanese songwriter and jazz…Hachidai Nakamura (中村 八大, Nakamura Hachidai; January 20, 1931 – June 10, 1992) was a Japanese songwriter and jazz pianist.
Shinsaku Tsukawaki (塚脇伸作, Tsukawaki Shinsaku; 3 January 1931 – 15 September 1993) was a Japanese gymnast who competed…Shinsaku Tsukawaki (塚脇伸作, Tsukawaki Shinsaku; 3 January 1931 – 15 September 1993) was a Japanese gymnast who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Chimako Tada (多田智満子, Tada Chimako; April 1, 1930 – January 23, 2003) was a Japanese poet renowned for her surreal style…Chimako Tada (多田智満子, Tada Chimako; April 1, 1930 – January 23, 2003) was a Japanese poet renowned for her surreal style and evocation of women's experience in post-war Japan. She authored more than 15 books of Japanese poetry, and also translated prose and poetry from French. Tada wrote in traditional styles, such as tanka and haiku, as well as contemporary prose poetry.
Hideo Murata (村田英雄, Murata Hideo; January 17, 1929 – June 13, 2002) was a Japanese rōkyoku and enka singer. He took…Hideo Murata (村田英雄, Murata Hideo; January 17, 1929 – June 13, 2002) was a Japanese rōkyoku and enka singer. He took part in the Kōhaku Uta Gassen 27 times. Murata was born as a son of rōkyoku singer Senyu Hirosawa (広沢仙遊, Hirosawa Senyū) and Tsutako Yano (矢野ツタ子, Yano Tsutako). However, he was immediately adopted by Sumiko Deriba (出利葉スミ子, Deriba Sumiko) and Haruo Kajiyama (梶山春雄, Kajiyama Haruo) became his stepfather. His real name was Isamu Kajiyama (梶山勇, Kajiyama Isamu). He studied rōkyoku under one of Kumoemon Tochuken's disciples, Kumo Sakai. Murata was scouted by Masao Koga, debuting with "Muhōmatsu no Isshō" (無法松の一生, lit. "Life of Outlaw Pine") in 1958. His 1961 single "Ōshō" sold over one million copies. Along with Hachiro Kasuga and Michiya Mihashi, he became a famous enka singer and Haruo Minami was regarded as his rival. He died on June 13, 2002.
Tappei Shimokawa (下川 辰平, Tappei Shimokawa; December 11, 1928 – March 25, 2004) was a Japanese actor. He attended…Tappei Shimokawa (下川 辰平, Tappei Shimokawa; December 11, 1928 – March 25, 2004) was a Japanese actor. He attended Musashino Art University, but withdrew before completing his degree. In 1964, he joined Bungakuza Theatre Company but left in 1977. He is well known for his role as Chōsan (Detective Tarō Nozaki) in the detective drama television series Taiyō ni Hoero!. His notable films are The Sands of Kurobe (1968), Akira Kurosawas film Dodes'ka-den (1970) and Kimi yo Fundo no Kawa o Watare (1976).
Reiko Mori (森禮子; July 7, 1928 – March 28, 2014) was a Japanese novelist and playwright. She was awarded the Akutagawa…Reiko Mori (森禮子; July 7, 1928 – March 28, 2014) was a Japanese novelist and playwright. She was awarded the Akutagawa Award for her book Mokkingubado no iru machi (モッキングバードのいる町) in 1979.
Kiyonori Kikutake (菊竹 清訓, Kikutake Kiyonori) (April 1, 1928 – December 26, 2011) was a prominent Japanese architect…Kiyonori Kikutake (菊竹 清訓, Kikutake Kiyonori) (April 1, 1928 – December 26, 2011) was a prominent Japanese architect known as one of the founders of the Japanese Metabolist group. He was also the tutor and employer of several important Japanese architects, such as Toyo Ito, Shōzō Uchii and Itsuko Hasegawa.
Teiko Kihira (Japanese: 紀平 悌子, Hepburn: Kihira Teiko; February 2, 1928 – July 19, 2015) was a Japanese politician and…Teiko Kihira (Japanese: 紀平 悌子, Hepburn: Kihira Teiko; February 2, 1928 – July 19, 2015) was a Japanese politician and activist. Kihira was a member of the House of Councilors in Japan. She was involved in the League of Women Voters of Japan where she served in different capacities including vice chair and president of the group.
Hisako Takahashi (高橋 久子, Takahashi Hisako; September 21, 1927 – December 21, 2013) was a bureaucrat with the Ministry…Hisako Takahashi (高橋 久子, Takahashi Hisako; September 21, 1927 – December 21, 2013) was a bureaucrat with the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare and served as a Supreme Court Justice of Japan. She was awarded an Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class.
Taketoshi Naito (内藤 武敏, Naitō Taketoshi; 16 June 1926 – 21 August 2012) was a Japanese actor. He appeared in more than…Taketoshi Naito (内藤 武敏, Naitō Taketoshi; 16 June 1926 – 21 August 2012) was a Japanese actor. He appeared in more than 70 films between 1953 and 2003. He died of lymphoma on 21 August 2012.
Mieno Shigeko (Japanese: みえの しげこ; 10 May 1926 – 27 November 2013), better known as Mieno Eiko (Japanese: 三重野栄子), was a…Mieno Shigeko (Japanese: みえの しげこ; 10 May 1926 – 27 November 2013), better known as Mieno Eiko (Japanese: 三重野栄子), was a Japanese politician for the Social Democratic Party (SDP). Born in Ōmuta, Fukuoka, Mieno enrolled into the Kyushu Imperial University, in 1951, and graduated from the Faculty of Economics also in 1951. In the same year, she served as general secretary and union member of the department store chain Iwataya. In 1988, she was appointed vice chairman of the Social Democratic Party. She also served as a member of the House of Councillors, in 1995 and 2001. Mieno died of chronic heart failure on 27 November 2013, aged 87.
Sekisuke Nakanishi (Japanese: 中西 績介 Nakanishi Sekisuke; 6 February 1926 – 24 January 2025) was a Japanese politician. A…Sekisuke Nakanishi (Japanese: 中西 績介 Nakanishi Sekisuke; 6 February 1926 – 24 January 2025) was a Japanese politician. A member of the Japan Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party, he served in the House of Representatives from 1976 to 2003. Nakanishi died on 24 January 2025, at the age of 98.
Hideyo Amamoto (天本 英世, Amamoto Hideyo; January 2, 1926 – March 23, 2003) was a Japanese actor. He is best known for…Hideyo Amamoto (天本 英世, Amamoto Hideyo; January 2, 1926 – March 23, 2003) was a Japanese actor. He is best known for portraying Dr. Shinigami in the original Kamen Rider series as well as many other characters in tokusatsu films such as the Godzilla series. Amamoto also used the pseudonym of Eisei Amamoto for most of his career, Eisei being a misreading of the kanji in his real name, Hideyo. He died on March 23, 2003, of complications from pneumonia at 77.
Tatsuo Endo (遠藤 達雄, Endō Tatsuo; 1925 – 1989) was a Japanese engineer. In 1968, while a visiting professor at the…Tatsuo Endo (遠藤 達雄, Endō Tatsuo; 1925 – 1989) was a Japanese engineer. In 1968, while a visiting professor at the University of Illinois, he developed the rainflow-counting algorithm for fatigue analysis of structures, along with M. Matsuishi.
Tarō Naka (Japanese: 那珂太郎, Hepburn: Naka Tarō; 23 January 1922 – 1 June 2014) was a prize-winning Japanese poet. He was…Tarō Naka (Japanese: 那珂太郎, Hepburn: Naka Tarō; 23 January 1922 – 1 June 2014) was a prize-winning Japanese poet. He was born Shōjirō Fukuda in Hakata, now Fukuoka, on the island of Kyushu in western Japan. At school he read, among others, Sakutarō Hagiwara, Friedrich Nietzsche, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Charles Baudelaire, and the Kyoto School philosopher Kitarō Nishida. In April 1941, he entered Tokyo Imperial University to study Japanese Literature. Some of his earliest poems dealing with the war and its immediate aftermath appeared in his debut collection, Etudes, in 1950, published by his high-school classmate Tokuo Date's Eureka Press. Between 1957 and 1964, Naka worked on what the critic Shōbin Hirai, among many others, considered his magnum opus, his 1965 collection Ongaku ('Music'). It was published by Shichōsha, Japan's foremost poetry publisher, in a limited edition of four hundred copies. It received widespread critical praise and was awarded the Yomiuri Prize and the Saisei Murō Prize. The collection is characterized by its high degree of attention to the interplay between the visual, phonetic and semantic aspects of words. In 2003, he composed a nō play, Shikōtei ('The First Emperor'), which was performed at the National Noh Theatre on 20 March 2014, a few months before Naka died from pneumonia in June 2014. An English translation of his work, Music: Selected Poems, was published by Isobar Press in July 2018.
Paul Hisao Yasuda (Japanese: パウロ 安田 久雄, Hepburn: Pauro Yasuda Hisao; December 20, 1921 – April 23, 2016) was a Japanese…Paul Hisao Yasuda (Japanese: パウロ 安田 久雄, Hepburn: Pauro Yasuda Hisao; December 20, 1921 – April 23, 2016) was a Japanese prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Yasuda was born in Kurume, southwestern Japan, and was ordained a priest on 21 May 1955. He was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Osaka on February 5, 1970 as well as titular bishop of Tucci and was consecrated bishop on 21 March 1970. Yasuda was appointed archbishop of the Archdiocese of Osaka on November 15, 1978, where he served until his retirement on May 10, 1997. He died in April 2016 at the age of 94.
Goro Takeda (竹田 五郎) (24 October 1921 – 12 February 2020) was a Japanese military officer and military commentator who…Goro Takeda (竹田 五郎) (24 October 1921 – 12 February 2020) was a Japanese military officer and military commentator who served in the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during the Second World War reaching the rank of captain. In 1951 Takeda joined the newly formed National Police Reserve staying on when it was reorganized into the paramilitary National Safety Force in 1952 and again in 1954 when the NSF was absorbed into the new Japan Self-Defense Force, with Takeda joining the Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). Over the course of his career in the JASDF Takeda held various command and staff positions including Chief of the Air Staff and Chairman of the Joint Staff Council of the Japan Self-Defense Force until his retirement in 1981.
Heitaro Nakajima (中島 平太郎, Nakajima Heitarō; 19 March 1921 – 9 December 2017) was a Japanese digital audio pioneer, who…Heitaro Nakajima (中島 平太郎, Nakajima Heitarō; 19 March 1921 – 9 December 2017) was a Japanese digital audio pioneer, who led Sony's Compact Disc project in the 1970s. Born in Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture, Nakajima graduated from the Tokyo Institute of Technology with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1944, and earned a Doctor of Engineering degree from Kyushu University in 1958. In 1971, Nakajima joined Sony as a managing director, hired by Sony's co-founder and president at large, Masaru Ibuka. He became president of Aiwa in 1984. In 1989, he received the first IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award and in 1993 he was awarded the Purple Ribbon Medal for CD development.