Kiichi Aichi (愛知 揆一, Aichi Kiichi; 10 October 1907 – 23 November 1973) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister…Kiichi Aichi (愛知 揆一, Aichi Kiichi; 10 October 1907 – 23 November 1973) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister in post-war Japan. He held several cabinet-level positions throughout his career, including Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister of Finance and Minister of Education. He notably negotiated and signed the Okinawa Reversion Agreement with the United States on behalf of then Japanese prime minister Eisaku Satō in 1971.
Takeo Wakabayashi (若林 竹雄, Wakabayashi Takeo; 29 August 1907 – 7 August 1937) was a Japanese football player. He played…Takeo Wakabayashi (若林 竹雄, Wakabayashi Takeo; 29 August 1907 – 7 August 1937) was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.
Ekizo Fujibayashi (藤林 益三, Fujibayashi Ekizō; August 26, 1907 – April 24, 2007) was the 7th Chief Justice of Japan…Ekizo Fujibayashi (藤林 益三, Fujibayashi Ekizō; August 26, 1907 – April 24, 2007) was the 7th Chief Justice of Japan (1976–1977) and a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun. He was born in Kyoto Prefecture and graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1931. Early in his career, he worked as a corporate attorney; he was the first practicing attorney to become Chief Justice of Japan. He returned to law practice in 1977 following his resignation. Fujibayashi was a non-denominational Christian and followed the non-church movement.
Tadashi Sasaki (佐々木 直, Sasaki Tadashi; 5 May 1907 – 7 July 1988) was a Japanese central banker, and 22nd Governor of…Tadashi Sasaki (佐々木 直, Sasaki Tadashi; 5 May 1907 – 7 July 1988) was a Japanese central banker, and 22nd Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ).
Hisao Ōtsuka (大塚 久雄, Ōtsuka Hisao; 3 May 1907 – 9 July 1996) was a Japanese historian, founder of an influential…Hisao Ōtsuka (大塚 久雄, Ōtsuka Hisao; 3 May 1907 – 9 July 1996) was a Japanese historian, founder of an influential historiographic school in postwar Japan known as the Ōtsuka Historical School (大塚史学, Ōtsuka shigaku).
Hajime Yasuda (安田一, Yasuda Hajime; 14 April 1907 – 26 March 1991) was a Japanese businessman. He was head of the Yasuda…Hajime Yasuda (安田一, Yasuda Hajime; 14 April 1907 – 26 March 1991) was a Japanese businessman. He was head of the Yasuda zaibatsu at the end of World War II. He is best known for the "Yasuda plan" which proposed dissolving the zaibatsu in Japan.
Takeso Shimoda (下田 武三, Shimoda Takezō; 3 April 1907 – 22 January 1995) was a Japanese diplomat who served as ambassador…Takeso Shimoda (下田 武三, Shimoda Takezō; 3 April 1907 – 22 January 1995) was a Japanese diplomat who served as ambassador to the United States and a justice in the Supreme Court of Japan.
Sōen Nakagawa (中川 宋淵, Nakagawa Sōen; born Motoi Nakagawa; March 19, 1907 – March 11, 1984) was a Japanese rōshi and Zen…Sōen Nakagawa (中川 宋淵, Nakagawa Sōen; born Motoi Nakagawa; March 19, 1907 – March 11, 1984) was a Japanese rōshi and Zen Buddhist master in the Rinzai tradition. An enigmatic figure, Nakagawa had a major impact on Zen as it was practiced in the 20th century, both in Japan and abroad.
Yamada Koun Zenshin (山田 耕雲, Yamada Kōun; 1907—1989), or Koun Yamada, was a Japanese Buddhist who was the leader of the…Yamada Koun Zenshin (山田 耕雲, Yamada Kōun; 1907—1989), or Koun Yamada, was a Japanese Buddhist who was the leader of the Sanbo Kyodan lineage of Zen Buddhism, the Dharma heir of his teacher Yasutani Haku'un Ryoko. Yamada was appointed the leader of the Sanbo Kyodan in 1967, 1970 or 1973 and continued to differentiate the lineage from other Japanese Zen traditions by deemphasising the separation between laypeople and the ordained—just as his teacher Yasutani had done. Yamada was also instrumental in bringing Christians to the practice of Zen that “by the end of Yamada’s teaching career approximately one quarter of the participants at his sesshins were Christians.”
Jun Takami (高見 順, Takami Jun; 30 January 1907 – 17 August 1965) was the pen-name of a Japanese novelist and poet active…Jun Takami (高見 順, Takami Jun; 30 January 1907 – 17 August 1965) was the pen-name of a Japanese novelist and poet active in Shōwa era Japan. His real name was Takami Yoshio.
Keizō Hayashi (林 敬三, Hayashi Keizō; 8 January 1907 – 12 November 1991) was a Japanese civil servant, general officer…Keizō Hayashi (林 敬三, Hayashi Keizō; 8 January 1907 – 12 November 1991) was a Japanese civil servant, general officer and the first Chairman of Joint Staff Council (JSC), a post equivalent to Chief of the General Staff in other countries, from 1954 to 1964. He was instrumental in founding the post-war Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) in 1954. Hayashi began his civil service career in the Home Ministry in 1929. In post-war Japan, he became Governor of Tottori Prefecture from 1945 to 1947 and Director of the Bureau of Local Affairs from 1947 until the Home Ministry was disbanded in the same year. After that, he was appointed Vice-Minister of Imperial Household from 1948 to 1950, during which he became a confidant of Emperor Showa. After the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, Hayashi, who did not have prewar military background, was chosen by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida, with the endorsement of the American occupation authority, to head the newly formed National Police Reserve (NPR) in the capacity as Superintendent-General. Since Japan had been demilitarized after the Second World War, one of his major tasks was to build up the NPR as the foundation of Japan's self-defense power in post-war era. He was also responsible for developing a new mind-set for the NPR so as to adapt to post-war changes. When the NPR was restructured as the National Safety Force (NSF) in 1952, he was appointed Chief of the 1st (Ground) Staff of the First Staff Office, which was the top decision making body of the NSF. Hayashi helped found the JSC and the JSDF after Japan regained its status as a sovereign state under the Treaty of San Francisco in 1954. As Chairman of JSC, he assisted the Director-General of Defense Agency (JDA) in formulating defense plans, reviewing proposals as submitted by the JSDF, carrying out defense-related intelligence and investigation work, as well as fostering closer military ties with the United States and its allies. Having served in the JSC for ten years, he was not only the longest-serving Chairman, but was also the only Chairman with civilian civil service background. In retirement, he took an active part in public affairs, serving as, among others, President of the Japan Housing Corporation from 1965 to 1971, of the Japanese Red Cross from 1978 to 1987, and of the Japan Good Deeds Association from 1983 to 1990.
Hajime Kaneko (兼子 一, Kaneko Hajime; 1906–1973) was a Japanese jurist noted for his contributions to the law of civil…Hajime Kaneko (兼子 一, Kaneko Hajime; 1906–1973) was a Japanese jurist noted for his contributions to the law of civil procedure. Kaneko was appointed professor at the University of Tokyo in 1931, and left the chair in 1950 to practice law. His writings contributed to the dogmatic structure of civil procedure, and his textbook System of Civil Procedure Law (民事訴訟法体系; Minji soshōhō taikei) (1954) was very influential in teaching and legal practice.
Yoshihiro Tokugawa (徳川 義寛, Tokugawa Yoshihiro; 7 November 1906 – 2 February 1996) was a Japanese political figure of…Yoshihiro Tokugawa (徳川 義寛, Tokugawa Yoshihiro; 7 November 1906 – 2 February 1996) was a Japanese political figure of the mid to late 20th century. The grandson of Tokugawa Yoshikatsu, the last lord of Owari han, he served as Grand Chamberlain of Japan from 1985 to 1988, serving as the Emperor of Japan's personal adviser. Yoshihiro was famous for saving the recording of Emperor Hirohito's surrender address from destruction by army officials who wished to continue the war during the Kyūjō Incident. He died in 1996 at the age of 89 due to respiratory failure.
Saburō Hasegawa (長谷川 三郎, Hasegawa Saburō; 6 September 1906 – 11 March 1957) was a Japanese-born American calligrapher…Saburō Hasegawa (長谷川 三郎, Hasegawa Saburō; 6 September 1906 – 11 March 1957) was a Japanese-born American calligrapher, painter, art writer, curator, and teacher. He was an early advocate of abstract art in Japan and an equally vocal supporter of the Japanese traditional arts (Japanese calligraphy, ikebana, tea ceremony, ink painting) and Zen Buddhism. Throughout his career he argued for the connection between East Asian classical arts and Western abstract painting.
Tomokazu Murakami (Japanese: 村上朝一; May 25, 1906 – February 13, 1987) was the 6th Chief Justice of Japan (1973–1976). He…Tomokazu Murakami (Japanese: 村上朝一; May 25, 1906 – February 13, 1987) was the 6th Chief Justice of Japan (1973–1976). He was a graduate of the University of Tokyo. He was a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun. He was born in Fukuoka Prefecture.
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (竹腰 重丸, Takenokoshi Shigemaru; February 15, 1906 – October 6, 1980) was a Japanese football…Shigemaru Takenokoshi (竹腰 重丸, Takenokoshi Shigemaru; February 15, 1906 – October 6, 1980) was a Japanese football player, manager, and referee. He played for Japan national team. He also managed Japan national team.
Viscount Takeshi Watanabe (渡辺 武, Watanabe Takeshi; 15 February 1906 – 23 August 2010) was a Japanese bureaucrat and the…Viscount Takeshi Watanabe (渡辺 武, Watanabe Takeshi; 15 February 1906 – 23 August 2010) was a Japanese bureaucrat and the first President of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). He was in office from 24 November 1966 to 24 November 1972.
Viscount Takeshi Watanabe (渡辺 武, Watanabe Takeshi; 15 February 1906 – 23 August 2010) was a Japanese bureaucrat and the…Viscount Takeshi Watanabe (渡辺 武, Watanabe Takeshi; 15 February 1906 – 23 August 2010) was a Japanese bureaucrat and the first President of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). He was in office from 24 November 1966 to 24 November 1972.
Masao Kotani (小谷 正雄, Kotani Masao; January 14, 1906 – June 6, 1993) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for…Masao Kotani (小谷 正雄, Kotani Masao; January 14, 1906 – June 6, 1993) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for molecular physics and biophysics. Kotani was born in Kyoto and spent his primary and middle school days in Osaka. He moved to Tokyo to enter the First Higher School and then the Imperial University of Tokyo. In 1929, he received his BSc degree in physics and was appointed as a lecturer at the faculty of engineering in the Imperial University of Tokyo. Three years later, he became an associate professor in the physics department. In 1943, he received the degree of DSc and was promoted to a full professor. In 1965, he moved to Osaka University as a professor in the faculty of engineering science. He retired from the chair in 1969. One year later, he was elected president of the Tokyo Science University, where he served as president for three terms, a total of 12 years, and retired in 1982. He was associated with the Tokyo Science University until his death, as an expert advisor to its two institutes for general and life sciences. Kotani received many awards. He was a recipient of the Japan Academy Prize in 1948. This was for his joint work with Sin-Itiro Tomonaga on the theory of magnetrons and microwave circuits. He received the 1969 Tohyoh Rayon Prize for the work in quantum mechanical study of molecular electronic structure, the 1974 Fujiwara Award for his contribution to the basic studies of molecular physics and biophysics, and the 1977 International Society of Quantum Biology Award. In 1977, the Japanese government commended him in recognition of his cultural services. In 1980, he received an Order of Culture.
Sugii Kōichi (杉井幸一; 1906 - 1942) was a Japanese bandleader, composer, arranger, conductor, singer, and accordionist who…Sugii Kōichi (杉井幸一; 1906 - 1942) was a Japanese bandleader, composer, arranger, conductor, singer, and accordionist who was one of the pioneers of Japanese jazz. His musical arrangements skillfully bridged Eastern and Western styles, combining American orchestral jazz with Japanese pop and Chinese folk music to create a sophisticated and melodic hybrid style which one scholar has deemed, "among the most compellingly original in Japanese prewar and wartime jazz", and another scholar has called "the apex of wartime jazz" in Japan.
Shigesuburō Maeo (前尾 繁三郎, Maeo Shigesaburō; 10 December 1905 – 23 July 1981) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician…Shigesuburō Maeo (前尾 繁三郎, Maeo Shigesaburō; 10 December 1905 – 23 July 1981) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party from 1961 to 1964, and was the 58th Speaker of the House of Representatives in the National Diet from 1973 to 1976. In addition, Maeo was a member of prime minister Hayato Ikeda's "brain trust" in 1960 that helped formulate the Income Doubling Plan. After Ikeda died in 1965, Maeo served as the second head of the Kōchikai political faction within the Liberal Democratic Party, a post he held until 1971.
Sigekatu Kuroda (黒田 成勝, Kuroda Shigekatsu; 11 November 1905 – 3 November 1972) was a Japanese mathematician who worked…Sigekatu Kuroda (黒田 成勝, Kuroda Shigekatsu; 11 November 1905 – 3 November 1972) was a Japanese mathematician who worked in number theory and mathematical logic. In 1942 he became a professor at the newly founded Nagoya Imperial University, where he stayed for over twenty years. He was responsible for much of the effort in setting up its Department of Mathematics. He was married to the renowned number theorist Teiji Takagi's daughter Yakeo. The couple had three sons, all of whom became mathematicians, including S.-Y. Kuroda, who was a professor of linguistics at the University of California, San Diego. He published a text on the foundations of algebraic number theory with Tomio Kubota in 1963.
Vice Admiral Kogoro Yamazaki (山崎小五郎, Yamazaki Kogoro; born 10 November 1905) was a Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force…Vice Admiral Kogoro Yamazaki (山崎小五郎, Yamazaki Kogoro; born 10 November 1905) was a Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force officer, a former Ministry of Communications and a bureaucrat of the Ministry of Transport. The 24th Vice-Minister of Transportation, Deputy Director of the Japan Coast Guard, and the first Chief of Staff, Maritime Self Defense Force until 1954 when he was succeeded by Ko Nagasawa. As a member of the Y Committee, he contributed to the establishment of the Maritime Self-Defense Force, concluded a Japan-US ship loan agreement based on the MSA agreement, and started domestic production of escort vessels. After completing the bridge from the Coast Guard to Navy, he returned to the Ministry of Transport and became the top office worker.
Heinrich Dumoulin, S.J. (31 May 1905 – 21 July 1995) was a Jesuit theologian, a widely published author on Zen, and a…Heinrich Dumoulin, S.J. (31 May 1905 – 21 July 1995) was a Jesuit theologian, a widely published author on Zen, and a professor of philosophy and history at Sophia University in Tokyo, where he was Professor Emeritus. He was the founder of its Institute for Oriental Religions, as well as the first director of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture.
Shinzo Hamai (浜井 信三, Hamai Shinzō; 28 May 1905 – 26 February 1968) was a Japanese politician who served as the first…Shinzo Hamai (浜井 信三, Hamai Shinzō; 28 May 1905 – 26 February 1968) was a Japanese politician who served as the first popularly elected Mayor of Hiroshima from 1947 to 1955 and again from 1959 to 1967. He created Hiroshima's image as a city of peace. He was the second mayor of Hiroshima to serve several non-consecutive terms, the first being Sukeyuki Ban.
Kunio Maekawa (前川 國男, Maekawa Kunio; 14 May 1905 – 26 June 1986) was a Japanese architect and a key figure of modernism…Kunio Maekawa (前川 國男, Maekawa Kunio; 14 May 1905 – 26 June 1986) was a Japanese architect and a key figure of modernism in post-war Japan. After early stints in the studios of Le Corbusier and Antonin Raymond, Maekawa began to articulate his architectural language after establishing his firm in 1935, maintaining a continuous tension between Japanese traditional design and European architectural modernism throughout his career. Firmly insistent that both civic and vernacular architecture should be rendered through a modernist lens appropriate to the contemporary lifestyle of the Japanese people, Maekawa's early work and competition entries consistently pushed back against the dominant Imperial Crown Style. His post-war prefab housing projects borrowed from manufacturing strategies in the automotive industry to create houses that privileged light, ventilation, and openness against the feudal hierarchical principles perpetuated by the interior divisions found in traditional Japanese homes. He is particularly known for his designs of the Tokyo Bunka Kaikan and the National Museum of Modern Art, as well as the Tokyo Kaijo Building, a 25-story tall skyscraper that became the flashpoint for the bikan ronso debates in 1970s Tokyo surrounding urban beautification and building height regulation. Many noted modernist architects began their careers in Maekawa's office, including Kenzō Tange and Miho Hamaguchi. His home (and one-time office), which he designed and completed in 1942, has been preserved and permanently installed in the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum.
Takeo Fukuda (福田 赳夫, Fukuda Takeo; 14 January 1905 – 5 July 1995) was a Japanese politician who served as prime…Takeo Fukuda (福田 赳夫, Fukuda Takeo; 14 January 1905 – 5 July 1995) was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1976 to 1978. Born in Gunma Prefecture and educated at Tokyo Imperial University, Fukuda served as an official in the Ministry of Finance for two decades before entering politics. He was first elected to the Diet in 1952, and served as agriculture, forestry, and fisheries minister in 1959–1960 under Nobusuke Kishi, as head of the party's political affairs section under Hayato Ikeda, and as finance minister (1965–1966, 1968–1971) and foreign minister (1971–1972) under Eisaku Satō, becoming his protégé. Fukuda's political life was marked by a rivalry with Kakuei Tanaka, who succeeded Satō as prime minister in 1972 and under whom Fukuda served as finance minister from 1973 to 1974. As prime minister from 1976, Fukuda formulated the Fukuda Doctrine, which pledged trust and cooperation with Asian countries, and concluded the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China in 1978. He was succeeded as premier in 1978 by Masayoshi Ōhira. His son, Yasuo Fukuda, followed him as a politician and served as prime minister from 2007 to 2008.
Tatsuo Hori (堀辰雄, Hori Tatsuo; 28 December 1904 – 28 May 1953) was a Japanese translator and writer of poetry, short…Tatsuo Hori (堀辰雄, Hori Tatsuo; 28 December 1904 – 28 May 1953) was a Japanese translator and writer of poetry, short stories and novels.
Seiichi Funahashi (舟橋聖一, Funahashi Seiichi; 25 December 1904 – 13 January 1976) was a Japanese writer of short stories…Seiichi Funahashi (舟橋聖一, Funahashi Seiichi; 25 December 1904 – 13 January 1976) was a Japanese writer of short stories, novellas, novels and stage plays, active in the Shōwa period.
Munenori Akagi (赤城 宗徳, Akagi Munenori; December 2, 1904 – November 11, 1993) was a Japanese politician and historian…Munenori Akagi (赤城 宗徳, Akagi Munenori; December 2, 1904 – November 11, 1993) was a Japanese politician and historian who served three times as Minister of Agriculture and once as Director of the Japan Defense Agency (now the Ministry of Defense).
Katsuma Dan (團 勝磨, Dan Katsuma; October 16, 1904 – May 18, 1996) was a Japanese embryologist and cell biologist. He was…Katsuma Dan (團 勝磨, Dan Katsuma; October 16, 1904 – May 18, 1996) was a Japanese embryologist and cell biologist. He was born in 1904 in Tokyo, the youngest son of Baron Dan Takuma, president of the Mitsui Gomei Kaisha Corporation. Takuma Dan was educated in the United States, graduating from MIT in 1878. He was one of the first foreign students to be educated at MIT and later, as president of the Japan Steel Works, he initiated and maintained close research ties with The Institute. After receiving his undergraduate degree in Japan, Katsuma Dan also came to the United States where he studied embryology with Prof. L.V. Heilbrunn at the University of Pennsylvania. In addition Dan worked and studied at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole (MBL) from 1931 to 1934, and later in 1936. It was here that he met his future wife (and longtime scientific collaborator) Jean M. Clark. Clark, who was also a student of Heilbrunn's, studied fertilization in marine invertebrates. The couple raised five children. They also maintained lasting ties to the MBL and returned often in later years as summer researchers and lecturers in embryology. In March 1932, while Dan was studying at the MBL, his father was assassinated in Japan by ultra-nationalist radicals in the 'League of Blood Incident'. Katsuma Dan returned to Japan in the late 1930s and worked at the Misaki Marine Biological Station in Morioso Bay. He and his students maintained a remarkable degree of scientific productivity during World War II. His spirit is reflected in a letter written after the war to a friend in the United States: “...ducking under bombs was not so bad. Rather it was a great excitement. Hide and seek at the expense of your life can't help being exciting. There was, however, an awful side to it too.” Near the end of the war the Japanese Navy took over the Misaki Marine Station and converted it into a base for miniature submarines. Although displaced, Dan and his students set up a crude laboratory nearby and continued their work. At the end of the war Dan posted a hand-written note on the door of Misaki, addressed to advancing US forces, in which he said: “... you can destroy the weapons and the war instruments but save the civil equipments [sic] for the Japanese students. When you are through with your job here notify to the university [sic] and let us come back to our scientific home.” The note was signed, “The last one to go.” The obvious humanity and the mention of American marine biological laboratories appealed to a US Naval officer who passed the note on to the MBL. It was later published in Time Magazine under the headline, “Appeal to the Goths”. Dan's scientific work focused on using marine invertebrates as model organisms to study fundamental questions in cell biology and embryonic development. He and his students focused on direct observation of cell behavior using light microscopy and discovered many of the fundamental aspects of fertilization, development, and morphogenesis (e.g., Dan and Okazaki, 1956). To settle a long-standing debate over the existence of the mitotic spindle, he encouraged his student, Shinya Inoué, to construct polarized light microscopes and look for evidence of organized polymer networks in living cells. And, together with Daniel Mazia, he was the first to isolate the mitotic apparatus and subject it to biochemical study. This work demonstrated conclusively the existence of the mitotic spindle and initiated the modern biochemical study of mitosis. Dan and his students also developed methods for measuring small, local movements of the cell surface during division. This enabled detailed, quantitative studies of the process of cell cleavage (cytokinesis). Based on this work, Dan proposed the novel idea that cell cleavage is driven directly by elongation of the mitotic spindle. That is, the spindle itself attaches to the cell surface via 'astral rays' (microtubules) and physically draws in the cleavage furrow (Dan, 1943). Subsequent work indicated that cleavage is actually driven by contraction of an actin filament network in the cortex rather than by expansion of the spindle but this idea was the forerunner of the current view of cytokinesis, in which interaction of spindle microtubules with the cell cortex determines the position of the cleavage furrow. Katsuma Dan was professor of zoology at the Tokyo Metropolitan University from 1949-1968. He also served as president of the university from 1964 until his retirement in 1972. Dan was president of both the Zoological Society of Japan and the Japanese Society of Developmental biologists. In 1976 he received the Second Order Imperial Medal, and in 1987 he received the Emperor's Award for Cultural Merit. A fellowship honoring Katsuma and Jean Clark Dan was established in 1979 for cultural exchange between the United States and Japan. Katsuma Dan died in 1996 in Osaka, Japan, at the age of 91.
Tadao Takayama (高山 忠雄, Takayama Tadao; June 24, 1904 – July 1, 1980) was a Japanese football player. He played for the…Tadao Takayama (高山 忠雄, Takayama Tadao; June 24, 1904 – July 1, 1980) was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He was also educator, namely principal of Hyogo Prefectural Kobe High School, professor at Mukogawa Women's University and superintendent of education of Takarazuka City.
Setsuya Beppu (Japanese: 別府 節弥 or Japanese: 別府 節彌, 4 March 1904 - 17 May 1992), also known as Kiyoshi Beppu (Japanese…Setsuya Beppu (Japanese: 別府 節弥 or Japanese: 別府 節彌, 4 March 1904 - 17 May 1992), also known as Kiyoshi Beppu (Japanese: 別府清), was a Japanese diplomat who served as the first Japanese Consul in Dublin during the World War II. He also served as the first Japanese Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to both Laos and Vatican City.
Ryokichi Minobe (美濃部 亮吉, Minobe Ryōkichi; 5 February 1904 – 24 December 1984) was a Japanese economist, educator, and…Ryokichi Minobe (美濃部 亮吉, Minobe Ryōkichi; 5 February 1904 – 24 December 1984) was a Japanese economist, educator, and socialist politician who served as Governor of Tokyo from 1967 to 1979.
Noboru Niida (仁井田陞, Niida Noboru; January 1, 1904 - June 22, 1966) was a Japanese academic, historian of Chinese legal…Noboru Niida (仁井田陞, Niida Noboru; January 1, 1904 - June 22, 1966) was a Japanese academic, historian of Chinese legal history and Professor Emeritus of Oriental Laws at the University of Tokyo (Todai).
Takeshi Usami (Japanese: 宇佐美毅, romanized: Usami Takeshi) (December 19, 1903 – January 19, 1991) was a Japanese official…Takeshi Usami (Japanese: 宇佐美毅, romanized: Usami Takeshi) (December 19, 1903 – January 19, 1991) was a Japanese official who served as Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency (December 16, 1953 – May 26, 1978). He graduated from the University of Tokyo. He was a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun.
Akira Iwasaki (岩崎昶, Iwasaki Akira) (18 November 1903 – 16 September 1981) was a prominent left-wing Japanese film…Akira Iwasaki (岩崎昶, Iwasaki Akira) (18 November 1903 – 16 September 1981) was a prominent left-wing Japanese film critic, historian, and producer. Born in Tokyo, he became interested in film from his student days at Tokyo University. Early on, he helped introduce German experimental film in Japan, and was instrumental in getting Teinosuke Kinugasa's masterpiece A Page of Madness screened in Tokyo. Afterward, he became involved in Marxist politics and established a career promoting progressive cinema and criticism. He wrote or edited over thirty books of film criticism, history, theory and biography during his career. He was also involved in film production, first serving from the late 1920s as a central member of the Proletarian Film League of Japan (Prokino), where he acted as not only the theoretical brain of the movement alongside Genjū Sasa, but also as a filmmaker. When Prokino was effectively eliminated by police oppression under the Peace Preservation Law, Iwasaki continued his critical activities, becoming involved in the Yuibutsuron Kenkyūkai with such thinkers as Jun Tosaka, but was eventually arrested in 1940, in part for his opposition to the Film Law, which authorized increased government control of the film industry. He was the only film critic arrested by the ideological police during the war. After his release, he worked for a time at the Tokyo office of the Manchukuo Film Association thanks to the help of Kan'ichi Negishi. After Japan's defeat in World War II, Iwasaki was active in criticizing those who participated in the war effort. He joined Nihon Eigasha (Nichiei), primarily a documentary film company, and helped produce two important, but ill-fated documentaries: The Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which was confiscated by Occupation authorities, and The Japanese Tragedy, directed by Fumio Kamei, which was banned for its critical depiction of Emperor Hirohito. While continuing to work as a film critic from the 1950s on, including pursuing a vigorous debate on the nature of cinematic realism with Taihei Imamura, Iwasaki helped produce some of the independent films made by Tadashi Imai and Satsuo Yamamoto after many left-wingers were expelled from the major studios in the Red Purge. In 1974, he was a member of the jury at the 24th Berlin International Film Festival.
Hidemi Kon (今 日出海, Kon Hidemi; 6 November 1903 – 30 July 1984) was a literary critic and essayist active in Japan…Hidemi Kon (今 日出海, Kon Hidemi; 6 November 1903 – 30 July 1984) was a literary critic and essayist active in Japan during the Shōwa period.
Michio Takeyama (竹山 道雄, Takeyama Michio; 17 July 1903 – 15 June 1984) was a Japanese writer, literary critic and…Michio Takeyama (竹山 道雄, Takeyama Michio; 17 July 1903 – 15 June 1984) was a Japanese writer, literary critic and scholar of German literature, active in Shōwa period Japan.
Yanosuke Otsuka (大塚弥之助) (11 July 1903 – 7 August 1950) was a Japanese geologist and professor. Yanosuke Otsuka was born…Yanosuke Otsuka (大塚弥之助) (11 July 1903 – 7 August 1950) was a Japanese geologist and professor. Yanosuke Otsuka was born in Nihonbashi, Tokyo on 11 July 1903. He went to the Junior High School attached to Tokyo Higher Normal School (東京高等師範学校付属中学校), and after that to Shizuoka High School (静岡高校). For his undergraduate studies, he entered the Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, where he graduated in 1929. While he was student, he learned the methods of historical geology from Yoshiaki Ozawa, topography from Taro Tsujimura (辻村太郎), and Cenozoic biological stratigraphy from Shigeyasu Tokunaga. After graduation, he entered the Earthquake Research Institute as an assistant in 1930, becoming an associate professor in 1939 and a professor in 1943. He made significant contributions in characterizing the surface faults in the circum-Pacific area, effects of tsunamis, tectonics of crustal movements, taxonomy of molluscs, paleoclimatology, mapping of Cenozoic strata, and the Tertiary history of the Japanese islands. He died prematurely from pulmonary tuberculosis on 7 August 1950, at the age of 47, because effective antimicrobial therapy was not yet available in Japan at the time. In biology, he is known for the Otsuka similarity coefficient (also known as Otsuka-Ochiai or Ochiai coefficient), which can be represented as: K = | A ∩ B | | A | × | B | {\displaystyle K={\frac {|A\cap B|}{\sqrt {|A|\times |B|}}}} Here, A {\displaystyle A} and B {\displaystyle B} are sets, and | A | {\displaystyle |A|} is the number of elements in A {\displaystyle A} . If sets are represented as bit vectors, the Otsuka similarity coefficient can be seen to be the same as the cosine similarity. In a recent book, the Otsuka similarity coefficient is misattributed to another Japanese researcher with the family name Otsuka. The confusion arises because in 1957 Akira Ochiai attributes the coefficient only to Otsuka (no first name mentioned) by citing an article by Ikuso Hamai (Japanese: 浜井 生三), who in turn cites the original 1936 article by Yanosuke Otsuka.
Tomoji Abe (阿部 知二, Abe Tomoji; 26 June 1903 – 23 April 1973) was a Japanese novelist, social critic, humanist, and…Tomoji Abe (阿部 知二, Abe Tomoji; 26 June 1903 – 23 April 1973) was a Japanese novelist, social critic, humanist, and translator of English and American literature. Although he began writing as a modernist, in his later works he represented the intellectual movement in Japanese literature. This movement departed from Japanese traditional thinking and from established forms of narration, which focused on aesthetic values and emotional states of mind (such as appear in the works of Junichiro Tanizaki and Ryunosuke Akutagawa); it also departed from modernist views, which continued to be popular in world literature and in Japan (Japanese modernist writers included Haruo Satō, Sei Ito, Tatsuo Hori, Riichi Yokomitsu and Yasunari Kawabata). Abe's intellectual approach was incompatible with the socio-political atmosphere of Japan in the early Shōwa period (1926–1945), with rising fascism and militarism, and the crusade to preserve Japanese feudal traditions.
Jiro Horikoshi (堀越 二郎, Horikoshi Jirō; 22 June 1903 – 11 January 1982) was a Japanese aeronautical engineer. He was the…Jiro Horikoshi (堀越 二郎, Horikoshi Jirō; 22 June 1903 – 11 January 1982) was a Japanese aeronautical engineer. He was the chief engineer of several Japanese fighter aircraft designs used during World War II, most notably the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter, as well as the NAMC YS-11.
Gotō Toshio (後藤寿夫; 30 May 1903 – 9 October 1975), known by his pen name Hayashi Fusao (林 房雄), was a Japanese novelist…Gotō Toshio (後藤寿夫; 30 May 1903 – 9 October 1975), known by his pen name Hayashi Fusao (林 房雄), was a Japanese novelist and literary critic in Shōwa period Japan. He is known for his early works in the proletarian literature movement, although he later became an ultranationalist. He also used the alias Shirai Akira.
Kazuto Ishida (Japanese: 石田和外; May 20, 1903 – May 9, 1979) was a Japanese jurist who served as Chief Justice of the…Kazuto Ishida (Japanese: 石田和外; May 20, 1903 – May 9, 1979) was a Japanese jurist who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan from 1969 to 1973. He was a practitioner of kendo. He was a graduate of the University of Tokyo. As an associate justice in the mid-1960s, Ishida penned a dissenting opinion in a Grand Bench decision limiting criminal prosecution of labor leaders. This was a contributing factor to his appointment as Chief Justice by Prime Minister Eisaku Sato in 1968, in an attempt to give the court more conservative leadership at a time when Japan saw massive radical student demonstrations. One of Ishida's final decisions, in 1973, expanded police powers to punish demonstrators. Ishida's court was the first in a line of conservative Supreme Court benches that continued into the early 21st century. After his tenure as Chief Justice, Ishida became chairman of the All Japan Kendo Federation. He also became the first chairman of the Eirei ni Kotaeru Kai (英霊にこたえる会, Society to Honour the War Dead), which supports Yasukuni Shrine, in June 1976. Ishida formed the National Congress to Achieve Legislation of the Gengo System in order to establish a law formalizing the system of imperial era names. Ishida was a recipient of the Order of the Rising Sun.
