Nakahara Nantenbō (中原 南天棒; April 3, 1839 – February 12, 1925), also known as Tōjū Zenchū, Tōshū Zenchū 鄧州全忠, and as…
Nakahara Nantenbō (中原 南天棒; April 3, 1839 – February 12, 1925), also known as Tōjū Zenchū, Tōshū Zenchū 鄧州全忠, and as Nantenbō Tōjū, was a Japanese Zen Master. In his time known as a fiery reformer, he was also a prolific and accomplished artist. He produced many fine examples of Zen Art and helped bridge the gap between older forms of Zen Buddhist art and its continuation in the 20th century.
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Famous Japanese People: Buddhist Monk
Buddhist Monk: 55 people
Ogino Dokuon (荻野 独園; 1819–1895) was a Rinzai rōshi remembered for his daring resistance to religious oppression…
Ogino Dokuon (荻野 独園; 1819–1895) was a Rinzai rōshi remembered for his daring resistance to religious oppression directed toward Buddhists during the late Tokugawa period and Meiji period of Japan.
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Gyōki (行基; 668–749) was a Japanese Buddhist priest of the Nara period, born in Ōtori county, Kawachi Province (now…
Gyōki (行基; 668–749) was a Japanese Buddhist priest of the Nara period, born in Ōtori county, Kawachi Province (now Sakai, Osaka), the son of Koshi no Saichi. According to one theory, one of his ancestors was of Korean descent. Gyōki became a monk at Asuka-dera, a temple in Nara, at the age of 15 and studied under Dōshō as one of his first pupils. Gyōki studied Yogachara (唯識), a core doctrine of Hosso, at Yakushi-ji. In 704, he returned to his birthplace to make his home into a temple, then started to travel around Japan to preach to commoners and help the poor. He formed a volunteer group to help the poor mainly in the Kansai region, building 49 monasteries and nunneries that also functioned as hospitals for the poor. Gyōki and his followers roamed the countryside, teaching common people about Buddhism, building temples that were more like community centers and organizing irrigation and other public works projects. Since regulations at the time strictly prohibited activities by priests outside their monastic compounds, his travelling around the country made him a non-official, private priest, not registered through the Office of Priestly Affairs (僧綱, Sōgō). Gyōki and his followers were persecuted by the government, but his popularity and his administrative skill in public works later earned him a pardon. In 745 he became the first priest to be given the rank of Daisōjō.
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Saichō (最澄; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.tɕoː], September 15, 767 – June 26, 822) was a Japanese Buddhist monk…
Saichō (最澄; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.tɕoː], September 15, 767 – June 26, 822) was a Japanese Buddhist monk credited with founding the Japanese Tendai school of Buddhism. He was awarded the posthumous title of Dengyō Daishi (伝教大師). Recognized for his significant contributions to the development of Japanese Buddhism, Saichō is most famous for introducing the Chinese Tiantai school to Japan, which he adapted into the Tendai tradition. Saichō traveled to Tang China in 804, where he studied the Chinese Tiantai school (along with other traditions). After returning to Japan, he founded the temple and headquarters of Tendai at Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei (near the capital of Kyoto), which became the center of Tendai practice and a major institution in the history of Japanese Buddhism. Saichō emphasized the integration of the Tiantai teachings on meditation, study, precepts, and ritual practice, with the mantrayana practices of Chinese Esoteric Buddhism. He also worked to establish a new ordination system which was based on the bodhisattva precepts, rather than the traditional monastic rule (Vinaya) precepts. Saichō's Tendai school laid the groundwork for the development of later Japanese Buddhist traditions, including Pure Land, and Zen Buddhism.
Enchin (円珍) (814–891) was a Japanese Buddhist monk, founder of the Jimon school of Tendai Buddhism and Chief Abbot of…
Enchin (円珍) (814–891) was a Japanese Buddhist monk, founder of the Jimon school of Tendai Buddhism and Chief Abbot of Mii-dera at the foot of Mount Hiei. After succeeding to the post of Tendai zasu (座主; "Head of the Tendai Order"), in 873, a strong rivalry developed between his followers and those of Ennin's at Enryaku-ji (note: Ennin had died in 864). The rivalry was largely geographical, and was not based much on sectarian differences over interpretations of practice or doctrine; nevertheless, the friction between the followers of the two zasu finally broke out into a violent conflict. Rivalries between the followers of different zasu were not anything new at the time. During his twelve years on Mount Hiei, Enchin witnessed a conflict between direct disciples of Saichō (namely Enchō and Kōshō) and the disciples of his own master, the second Tendai zasu Gishin. After the death of Gishin, his main follower, Enshu, was elected as the third zasu, but Enchō and Kōshō objected and finally forced Enshu and his followers to leave Mount Hiei. Most significantly, Enchin united the Tendai school's teachings with those of Chinese Esoteric Buddhism, and interpreted the Lotus Sutra from the point of view of esoteric teachings and used Tendai terminology in order to explain the esoteric Mahavairocana Tantra. Enchin is said to have supported the worship of kami as well as certain elements of Confucianism. In a memorial speech in 887, he noted the respect the court of Tang China had for Japan due to the latter's support for the ideals of li (Chinese: 禮) and yi (Chinese: 義). He warned that although Enryaku-ji was founded with the kami in mind, "no such officiating monks are provided for the main deities of the mountain. This is certainly a breach of Li. There ought to be two monks to worship the two gods."
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