Kazuo Uchida (内田 一夫, Uchida Kazuo; born April 18, 1962) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He managed…Kazuo Uchida (内田 一夫, Uchida Kazuo; born April 18, 1962) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He managed Guam national football team.
Kazufumi Taniguchi (谷口 和史, Taniguchi Kazufumi; born 14 April 1962) is a Japanese politician serving in the House of…Kazufumi Taniguchi (谷口 和史, Taniguchi Kazufumi; born 14 April 1962) is a Japanese politician serving in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) as a member of the New Komeito Party. A native of Wakayama Prefecture and graduate of Soka University he was elected for the first time in 2005.
Katsuhiro Kusaki (草木 克洋, Kusaki Katsuhiro; born April 12, 1962) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He…Katsuhiro Kusaki (草木 克洋, Kusaki Katsuhiro; born April 12, 1962) is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for Japan national team.
Katsumi Hirosawa (広澤 克実, born April 10, 1962) is a former Nippon Professional Baseball player. A slugger who divided…Katsumi Hirosawa (広澤 克実, born April 10, 1962) is a former Nippon Professional Baseball player. A slugger who divided his time between infield (first base and third base) and the outfield, Hirosawa played for the Yakult Swallows, the Yomiuri Giants, and the Hanshin Tigers. Hirosawa was a four-time Central League Best Nine Award-winner, an eight-time NPB All-Star (including winning the NPB All-Star Game MVP in the 1991 Game 2), and twice led the Central League in RBI. Before joining the Swallows, Hirosawa played baseball for Japan in the 1984 Summer Olympics. Although baseball was a demonstration sport during that Olympics (and no medals were awarded), the Japanese team defeated the United States to take the "gold medal." Hirosawa was part of the Central League-champion Swallows team that lost the 1992 Japan Series to Seibu, as well as the championship team that defeated the Lions in a rematch in 1993. Hirosawa topped off his playing career as part of the 2003 Hanshin Tigers squad that narrowly lost the Japan Series to the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks. After retiring he served as a coach on the Tigers from 2007 to 2008.
Yuka Saitō (斎藤 由香, Saitō Yuka; born April 9, 1962) is a Japanese essayist and Suntory employee. She is a graduate of…Yuka Saitō (斎藤 由香, Saitō Yuka; born April 9, 1962) is a Japanese essayist and Suntory employee. She is a graduate of Seijo University's School of Literature. She is a daughter of novelist Morio Kita, a niece of psychiatrist Shigeta Saitō and a granddaughter of poet Mokichi Saitō.
Tomoyasu Asaoka (浅岡 朝泰, Asaoka Tomoyasu; 6 April 1962 – 6 October 2021) was a Japanese professional footballer who…Tomoyasu Asaoka (浅岡 朝泰, Asaoka Tomoyasu; 6 April 1962 – 6 October 2021) was a Japanese professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Nippon Kokan, Yomiuri and the Japan national team.
Kōji Tanigawa (谷川 浩司, Tanigawa Kōji; born April 6, 1962) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9-dan. He is…Kōji Tanigawa (谷川 浩司, Tanigawa Kōji; born April 6, 1962) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9-dan. He is the 17th Lifetime Meijin and also a former president of the Japan Shogi Association (JSA).
Koji Akiyama (秋山 幸二 Akiyama Kōji, born April 6, 1962) is a retired Japanese professional baseball player. He played for…Koji Akiyama (秋山 幸二 Akiyama Kōji, born April 6, 1962) is a retired Japanese professional baseball player. He played for the Seibu Lions and the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks (currently the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks) in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
Hiroshi Ogawa (小川 博, Ogawa Hiroshi; born April 2, 1962) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched…Hiroshi Ogawa (小川 博, Ogawa Hiroshi; born April 2, 1962) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Lotte Orions. In 2004, he was convicted of murder. On November 18, 2004, Ogawa murdered a 67-year-old woman named Kazuko Nishiuchi. His uniform number, 26, has been retired since 2005. On September 29, 2005, he was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Saitama District Court.
Yukiyoshi Yamano (山野 之義, Yamano Yukiyoshi; born 30 March 1962) is a Japanese politician, who serves as a governor of…Yukiyoshi Yamano (山野 之義, Yamano Yukiyoshi; born 30 March 1962) is a Japanese politician, who serves as a governor of Ishikawa Prefecture.
Yōko Ogawa (小川 洋子, Ogawa Yōko; born March 30, 1962) is a Japanese writer. Her work has won every major Japanese…Yōko Ogawa (小川 洋子, Ogawa Yōko; born March 30, 1962) is a Japanese writer. Her work has won every major Japanese literary award, including the Akutagawa Prize and the Yomiuri Prize. Internationally, she has been the recipient of the Shirley Jackson Award and the American Book Award. The Memory Police was also shortlisted for the International Booker Prize in 2020. Some of her most well known works include The Memory Police, The Housekeeper and the Professor, The Diving Pool and Hotel Iris.
Yoshito Hori (堀義人, Hori Yoshito) (born March 28, 1962) is a Japanese businessman, educator, and venture capitalist. He…Yoshito Hori (堀義人, Hori Yoshito) (born March 28, 1962) is a Japanese businessman, educator, and venture capitalist. He is the founder and president of Globis Corporation and Globis University Graduate School of Management. He is also founder and managing partner of Globis Capital Partners, president of the G1 Institute and the Kibow Foundation, and owner of the Ibaraki Robots basketball team and radio broadcaster LuckyFM Ibaraki Broadcasting System.
Reiko Shimizu (清水玲子, Shimizu Reiko; born March 26, 1963 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese shōjo manga writer and…Reiko Shimizu (清水玲子, Shimizu Reiko; born March 26, 1963 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese shōjo manga writer and illustrator. She is noted for her works of science fiction and her art style, and is also known for her illustrations of tarot cards called the Miracle Tarot deck.
Kazuki Akane (赤根 和樹, Akane Kazuki; born March 24, 1962, in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture) is a Japanese animation director.…Kazuki Akane (赤根 和樹, Akane Kazuki; born March 24, 1962, in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture) is a Japanese animation director. Until the early 2000s, he was a staff member of the anime studio Sunrise, where he collaborated with Shoji Kawamori to direct his most famous work, The Vision of Escaflowne. Since that time, he worked extensively with Satelight (and occasionally again with Kawamori, who is the studio's executive director) before going freelance once more to direct the Birdy the Mighty TV series, among other projects.
Hiroto Kumagai is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Councillors of Japan. He represents the Saitama…Hiroto Kumagai is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Councillors of Japan. He represents the Saitama at-large district.
Hiroyuki Yamaga (山賀 博之, Yamaga Hiroyuki) is a Japanese anime director and producer, and a founding member of the…Hiroyuki Yamaga (山賀 博之, Yamaga Hiroyuki) is a Japanese anime director and producer, and a founding member of the animation studio Gainax. He is best known for directing the film Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1987) at age 24, directing Mahoromatic (2001), Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi (2002), and an episode of Gurren Lagann (2007). Yamaga also wrote the screenplay for Gundam 0080 (1989). He is portrayed by actor Tsuyoshi Muro in the 2014 TV Drama Aoi Honō based on the autobiographical manga by his fellow Osaka University of Arts alumnus Kazuhiko Shimamoto. Yamaga himself cameos in Episode 7 of the series, playing the owner of a restaurant where his fictional counterpart faints.
Gen Fukunaga (福永 元, Fukunaga Gen; born March 22, 1962) is an American engineer and entrepreneur. He established…Gen Fukunaga (福永 元, Fukunaga Gen; born March 22, 1962) is an American engineer and entrepreneur. He established Funimation (now Crunchyroll, LLC), a company that distributes anime in Canada and the United States. He was its president and chairman until he stepped down in 2019. As of October 2011, Fukunaga was chairman of online video game publisher GameSamba.
Kazuhiro Mizoguchi (溝口 和洋, Mizoguchi Kazuhiro; born March 18, 1962) is a Japanese former javelin thrower. He set the…Kazuhiro Mizoguchi (溝口 和洋, Mizoguchi Kazuhiro; born March 18, 1962) is a Japanese former javelin thrower. He set the world best year performance in 1989, throwing 87.60 metres at a meet in San Jose, California, United States on May 27, 1989. Initially, it was announced as a new world record of 87.86m, 20cm further than the previous world record, but the measurer re-measured it with a plastic tape measure and announced it as 87.60m.
Satomi Ikezawa (池沢理美, Ikezawa Satomi) is a Japanese manga artist. Her works include Guru Guru Pon-chan, Othello and…Satomi Ikezawa (池沢理美, Ikezawa Satomi) is a Japanese manga artist. Her works include Guru Guru Pon-chan, Othello and Sue-chan wa Himitsu. In 2000, she received the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōjo category for Guru Guru Pon-chan.
Shinji Onuki (大貫慎二, Ōnuki Shinji) (born Tokyo 16 March 1962) is a former Japanese rugby union player. He played as a…Shinji Onuki (大貫慎二, Ōnuki Shinji) (born Tokyo 16 March 1962) is a former Japanese rugby union player. He played as a wing
Shoko Sawada (沢田 聖子, Sawada Shōko; born March 13, 1962) is a Japanese singer-songwriter, reporter, and radio…Shoko Sawada (沢田 聖子, Sawada Shōko; born March 13, 1962) is a Japanese singer-songwriter, reporter, and radio personality. Since the start of her professional singing career in 1980, Sawada has recorded over 27 studio albums.
Yutaka Tadokoro (田所 豊, Tadokoro Yutaka; born March 12, 1962), known professionally as Diamond Yukai (ダイアモンド✡ユカイ…Yutaka Tadokoro (田所 豊, Tadokoro Yutaka; born March 12, 1962), known professionally as Diamond Yukai (ダイアモンド✡ユカイ, Daiamondo Yukai), is a Japanese rock singer and actor. He was born in Tanashi, Tokyo, Japan. He is the vocalist for the Japanese rock band Red Warriors. He has acted in the Hollywood films Tokyo Pop and Lost in Translation and is often seen on television variety shows.
Yōji Sakate (坂手 洋二, Sakate Yōji; born March 11, 1962) is a contemporary Japanese playwright notable for his plays that…Yōji Sakate (坂手 洋二, Sakate Yōji; born March 11, 1962) is a contemporary Japanese playwright notable for his plays that frequently comment on social and political issues in Japan. His most prominent plays are The Attic (屋根裏 Yaneura, 2002), Come Out (カムアウト Kamu auto, 1989), Tokyo Trial (トーキョー裁判 Tōkyō saiban, 1988), and Epitaph for the Whales (くじらの墓標 Kujira no bohyō, 1993). In his works, he focuses on dramatizing real-life events, and also depicts the historical past. In 1983, he founded his own theater company called the Phosphorescence Troupe (燐光群 Rinkōgun). Sakate is currently the president of the Japanese Playwrights Association, and the director of both the Japan Directors Association and Japanese Center of International Theater Institute.
Noriko Kamachi (蒲池 法子, Kamachi Noriko; born 10 March 1962), known professionally as Seiko Matsuda (松田 聖子, Matsuda…Noriko Kamachi (蒲池 法子, Kamachi Noriko; born 10 March 1962), known professionally as Seiko Matsuda (松田 聖子, Matsuda Seiko), is a Japanese singer-songwriter, known for being one of the most popular Japanese idols of the 1980s. Since then, she has continued to release new singles and albums, put on annual summer concert tours, and perform in winter dinner shows. She makes frequent appearances in high-profile TV commercials and movies, and on radio. Her alma mater is Chuo University. Due to her popularity in the 1980s and her long career, she has been dubbed the "Eternal Idol" by the Japanese media. In January 2011, the Japanese music television program Music Station listed her as the 2nd best-selling idol of all time in Japan, with 29,510,000 records sold. She placed behind pop group SMAP and ahead of Akina Nakamori, her biggest rival of the 1980s. Matsuda once held the record of 25 number-one hits for musicians from 1983 to 2000 (broken by B'z) and for female solo artists (broken by Ayumi Hamasaki in 2010). Matsuda was a performer on the finale of Kouhaku (Red White Music Battle) in 2014, 2015 and 2025, the prestigious NHK New Year's Eve Music show on which she has performed 25 times, as of 2025.
Yōhei Tadano (多田野 曜平, Tadano Yōhei; born March 10, 1962) is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Fukuoka Prefecture…Yōhei Tadano (多田野 曜平, Tadano Yōhei; born March 10, 1962) is a Japanese actor and voice actor from Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
Noritake Kinashi (木梨 憲武, Kinashi Noritake; born 9 March 1962) is a Japanese comedian, actor, singer and artist. He is…Noritake Kinashi (木梨 憲武, Kinashi Noritake; born 9 March 1962) is a Japanese comedian, actor, singer and artist. He is the short member of the comedy duo Tunnels, with whom he was a member of the pop group Yaen. His partner is Takaaki Ishibashi. He is the executive vice president of the entertainment office Arrival. Kinashi's wife is actress Narumi Yasuda. His cousin is Liberal Democratic Party Suginami lawmaker Morisho Kinashi.
Haruo Urata (浦田 春生, Urata Haruo) (born 9 March 1962 in Kumamoto) is a retired long-distance runner from Japan, who…Haruo Urata (浦田 春生, Urata Haruo) (born 9 March 1962 in Kumamoto) is a retired long-distance runner from Japan, who represented his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics. His personal best in the men's 10,000 metres was 28:18.15, achieved at the 1991 World Championships. Urata won four national titles during his career: in the 5000 metres (1988 and 1989) and in the 10,000 metres (1988 and 1989).
Mitsunori Yoshida (吉田 光範, Yoshida Mitsunori; born March 8, 1962) is a former Japanese football player. He played for…Mitsunori Yoshida (吉田 光範, Yoshida Mitsunori; born March 8, 1962) is a former Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.
Shingo Yanagisawa (柳沢 慎吾, Yanagisawa Shingo; born 6 March 1962 in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese actor and…Shingo Yanagisawa (柳沢 慎吾, Yanagisawa Shingo; born 6 March 1962 in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese actor and comedian.
Mariko Tone (刀根 麻理子, Tone Mariko; born March 3, 1962 in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan) is a Japanese singer, actor and…Mariko Tone (刀根 麻理子, Tone Mariko; born March 3, 1962 in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan) is a Japanese singer, actor and essayist. Tone also covers children's songs under the pseudonym Hanako Nohara. Tone sings in Japanese and, to a limited extent, in English. One of her songs titled "Derringer" became an opening theme to anime series Cat's Eye.
Masayuki Aoyama (青山雅幸, Aoyama Masayuki; born 1962) is a Japanese attorney and politician who represented Shizuoka…Masayuki Aoyama (青山雅幸, Aoyama Masayuki; born 1962) is a Japanese attorney and politician who represented Shizuoka Prefecture in the House of Representatives from 2017 to 2021.
Hiroyuki Morioka (森岡 浩之, Morioka Hiroyuki) (born March 2, 1962, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese science fiction…Hiroyuki Morioka (森岡 浩之, Morioka Hiroyuki) (born March 2, 1962, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese science fiction novelist.
Kitarō Kōsaka (高坂 希太郎, Kōsaka Kitarō; born February 28, 1962 in Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese animator and film…Kitarō Kōsaka (高坂 希太郎, Kōsaka Kitarō; born February 28, 1962 in Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese animator and film director.
Gota Yashiki (屋敷 豪太, Yashiki Gōta), born 26 February 1962, is a Japanese musician. He performs an independent acid jazz…Gota Yashiki (屋敷 豪太, Yashiki Gōta), born 26 February 1962, is a Japanese musician. He performs an independent acid jazz artist and drum/bass player, and was a member of English band Simply Red.
David Zoppetti (デビット・ゾペティ, Debitto Zopeti; born 26 February 1962) is a Swiss-born author, best known for his novel…David Zoppetti (デビット・ゾペティ, Debitto Zopeti; born 26 February 1962) is a Swiss-born author, best known for his novel Ichigensan. Writing exclusively in Japanese, Zoppetti is thus an exophonic writer, considered part of the J-Literature movement. (J-Literature refers to Japanese literature of the 1990s, particularly novels on street life in urban Japan.) After leaving the Japanese language faculty of Geneva University, Zoppetti came to Japan and attended Doshisha University's department of Japanese literature, which he graduated in 1990. On graduation he became TV Asahi's first non-Japanese employee, and also their first employee to claim paternity leave. Soon after being hired, on 5 April 1991 he appeared in the opening scene of Kensaku Morita's 'Netsuketsu Television' show, and he went on to be a reporter and director for the flagship news programme News Station. His first novel, Ichigensan won the 20th Subaru Prize for Literature in 1996, and was further nominated for the 116th Akutagawa Prize. It also attracted critical attention as a work to "cross borders and break with established literary tradition [...] unique in that it is a novel of Kyoto written in Japanese by an 'outsider' for a Japanese audience". This success led him to leave TV Asahi in 1998 and concentrate on his writing activities, although he continued to work in a number of side-ventures including the promotion of Swiss goods such as absinthe and reflexology. Ichigensan "was a best-seller among young women readers [and went on to be] made into a hit film in 1999". His second novel, Alegrias was nominated for the 13th Mishima Yukio Prize, and his third book - a non-fiction travelogue - won the 50th Japan Essayists Club Prize in 2001. Zoppetti refers to his own race as 'thoroughly mixed' (純粋な混血), having Italian, American, Ukrainian, Iraqi and Polish great-grandparents, and speaking German, French, Italian, English and Japanese.
Yasufumi Terawaki (寺脇康文, Terawaki Yasufumi) is a Japanese actor. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 32nd…Yasufumi Terawaki (寺脇康文, Terawaki Yasufumi) is a Japanese actor. He was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 32nd Japan Academy Prize for Aibō The Movie.
Kenji Anan (阿南 健治, Anan Kenji; born on February 24, 1962, in Taketa, Ōita, Japan) is a Japanese stage and film actor.…Kenji Anan (阿南 健治, Anan Kenji; born on February 24, 1962, in Taketa, Ōita, Japan) is a Japanese stage and film actor. He began work with the Tokyo Sunshine Boys in 1983, and since then has performed in a variety of roles mostly in television dramas.
Takao Kato (加藤 隆雄, Katō Takao; born February 21, 1962) is a Japanese business executive in the automotive industry. He…Takao Kato (加藤 隆雄, Katō Takao; born February 21, 1962) is a Japanese business executive in the automotive industry. He works for Mitsubishi Motors, as CEO and president since 2019 and 2021 respectively.
Masatoshi Mashima (真島 昌利, Mashima Masatoshi; born February 20, 1962) is a Japanese guitarist who has performed with…Masatoshi Mashima (真島 昌利, Mashima Masatoshi; born February 20, 1962) is a Japanese guitarist who has performed with Japanese rock bands such as The Blue Hearts, The High-Lows and The Cro-Magnons. He was born in Hino and raised in Kodaira in Tokyo, Japan. His nickname while playing was "Mashi."
Ryoji Isaoka (砂岡 良治, Isaoka Ryōji; born February 18, 1962) is a retired Japanese weightlifter who competed in the…Ryoji Isaoka (砂岡 良治, Isaoka Ryōji; born February 18, 1962) is a retired Japanese weightlifter who competed in the light-heavyweight category. He won a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics, which was combined with the world championships, and finished sixth at the 1988 Olympics. He also won two gold medals and one bronze medal at the 1982–1990 Asian Games.
Akihisa Nagashima (長島 昭久, Nagashima Akihisa) is a member of the House of Representatives of Japan as well as a visiting…Akihisa Nagashima (長島 昭久, Nagashima Akihisa) is a member of the House of Representatives of Japan as well as a visiting professor at Chuo University's Graduate School of Public Studies. He served as the Parliamentary Vice Minister of Defense in the Kan Cabinet.
Toshihito Ito (伊藤俊人, Itō Toshihito) (February 16, 1962 – May 24, 2002) was a Japanese actor and member of the Tokyo…Toshihito Ito (伊藤俊人, Itō Toshihito) (February 16, 1962 – May 24, 2002) was a Japanese actor and member of the Tokyo Sunshine Boys theatrical troupe. He was born on February 16, 1962, in Niigata, Japan.
Hiroshi Daimon (大門 宏, Daimon Hiroshi; born 16 February 1962) is a Japanese former cyclist, who currently works as a…Hiroshi Daimon (大門 宏, Daimon Hiroshi; born 16 February 1962) is a Japanese former cyclist, who currently works as a directeur sportif for UCI Continental team EF Education–Nippo Development Team. He competed in the men's point race at the 1992 Summer Olympics. During his career, he rode for European teams before joining Nippo Hodō in 1991.
Tetsuo Shinohara (篠原 哲雄, Shinohara Tetsuo; born 9 February 1962 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese film director. His film…Tetsuo Shinohara (篠原 哲雄, Shinohara Tetsuo; born 9 February 1962 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese film director. His film First Love was the 3rd Best Film at the 22nd Yokohama Film Festival.
Makoto Yoshikawa (born February 6 1962) is a Japanese scientist, most notable for being project manager and later…Makoto Yoshikawa (born February 6 1962) is a Japanese scientist, most notable for being project manager and later mission manager of Hayabusa2, an asteroid sample-return mission operated by the Japanese space agency, JAXA, and in 2018 was recognized in Nature's 10, a list of "people who mattered" in science by the journal Nature. His research specializes in celestial mechanics, particularly in orbital analysis of small Solar System bodies such as asteroids and comets.
Tomoyasu Hotei (布袋 寅泰, Hotei Tomoyasu; born February 1, 1962), also known simply as Hotei ( HOH-tay), is a Japanese…Tomoyasu Hotei (布袋 寅泰, Hotei Tomoyasu; born February 1, 1962), also known simply as Hotei ( HOH-tay), is a Japanese musician, singer-songwriter, composer, record producer and actor. With a career spanning more than 40 years, Hotei claims record sales of over 40 million copies and has collaborated with artists from around the world. Hotei first rose to prominence in the 1980s as the guitarist for Boøwy, one of Japan's most popular rock bands, before starting a solo career. In 2003, he was ranked number 70 on HMV's list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts. He ranked second in a 2011 poll on who the Japanese people thought was the best guitarist to represent Japan. An iconic artist in his native Japan, he moved to London in 2005 and continues to perform and release music globally. Hotei's song "Battle Without Honor or Humanity" has been featured in numerous films, commercials, video games, and events, including Quentin Tarantino's feature film Kill Bill.
Kenichi Kawaguchi (川口健一, Kawaguchi Ken'ichi, born 1 February 1962) is a Japanese structural designer and structural…Kenichi Kawaguchi (川口健一, Kawaguchi Ken'ichi, born 1 February 1962) is a Japanese structural designer and structural engineering researcher. He received a Doctor of Engineering from The University of Tokyo in 1991 and is a professor at Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo. His research and design activities focus primarily on lightweight structures such as membrane structures and tension structures. His work includes practical research and development on the safety of large enclosures, the development of seismic isolation and vibration control structures, the safety of non-structural components such as ceilings, and the development of multi-purpose shelters. He has also been engaged in interdisciplinary research covering deployable and movable structures, space structures, the architectural application of living trees, preservation of historical spatial structures, and the application of generalized inverse matrix theory and numerical methods to structural engineering. He has served as President of the Membrane Structures Association of Japan (from 2024), Vice President of the Architectural Institute of Japan (2022–2023), and Vice President of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) (from 2012).