Akihiro Tsukatani (塚谷 晃弘; 16 March 1919 in Tokyo - 13 October 1995) was a Japanese composer. Among his many…Akihiro Tsukatani (塚谷 晃弘; 16 March 1919 in Tokyo - 13 October 1995) was a Japanese composer. Among his many compositions are three operas Pongo (1965), Ajatasatru (1966), and Kakitsubata (1967).
Shōichi Saba (佐波正一, Saba Shōichi) (KBE; February 28, 1919 in Tokyo – September 10, 2012) was one of the pioneers of…Shōichi Saba (佐波正一, Saba Shōichi) (KBE; February 28, 1919 in Tokyo – September 10, 2012) was one of the pioneers of postwar Japanese manufacturing. He served as the Chairman of the Board and Chief Scout of the Scout Association of Japan, serving for 12 years from 1994, and was the former Chair of the Board of Trustees of the International Christian University.
Tenkōkō Sonoda (園田 天光光, Sonoda Tenkōkō; 23 January 1919 – 29 January 2015) was a Japanese politician who was a member…Tenkōkō Sonoda (園田 天光光, Sonoda Tenkōkō; 23 January 1919 – 29 January 2015) was a Japanese politician who was a member of the Japanese Diet from 1946–1952. In 1950, she became the first woman in Japanese political history to have a baby while in office.
Iichirō Hatoyama (鳩山 威一郎, Hatoyama Iichirō; November 11, 1918 – December 19, 1993) was a Japanese politician and…Iichirō Hatoyama (鳩山 威一郎, Hatoyama Iichirō; November 11, 1918 – December 19, 1993) was a Japanese politician and diplomat. Between 1976 and 1977, he served as Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda. He was the son and father of two former Prime Ministers, Ichirō and Yukio respectively.
Sanae Takasugi (高杉 早苗, Takasugi Sanae; 8 October 1918 – 26 November 1995) was a Japanese film and television actress.…Sanae Takasugi (高杉 早苗, Takasugi Sanae; 8 October 1918 – 26 November 1995) was a Japanese film and television actress. She starred in over 80 films, directed by notable filmmakers like Kenji Mizoguchi, Yasujirō Ozu, Mikio Naruse, and Keisuke Kinoshita.
Motoyoshi Shimizu (清水 基吉, Shimizu Motoyoshi; August 31, 1918 – March 30, 2008) was the pen name of a Japanese novelist…Motoyoshi Shimizu (清水 基吉, Shimizu Motoyoshi; August 31, 1918 – March 30, 2008) was the pen name of a Japanese novelist and poet, active during the Shōwa and Heisei periods of Japan. His real name was Shimizu Motoyoshi (清水基嘉), pronounced the same, but written in different kanji.
Yoshinobu Ashihara (芦原 義信, Ashihara Yoshinobu; 7 July 1918 – 24 September 2003) was a Japanese architect noted for…Yoshinobu Ashihara (芦原 義信, Ashihara Yoshinobu; 7 July 1918 – 24 September 2003) was a Japanese architect noted for projects such as the Komazawa Olympic Gymnasium (1964) and the Sony Building (1966).
Fumiko Hori (堀 文子, Hori Fumiko; July 2, 1918 – February 5, 2019) was a Japanese artist, known for her paintings in the…Fumiko Hori (堀 文子, Hori Fumiko; July 2, 1918 – February 5, 2019) was a Japanese artist, known for her paintings in the Nihonga style.
Kakuei Tanaka (田中 角栄, Tanaka Kakuei; IPA: [ta̠na̠ka̠ ka̠kɯ̟e̞ː]; 4 May 1918 – 16 December 1993) was a Japanese…Kakuei Tanaka (田中 角栄, Tanaka Kakuei; IPA: [ta̠na̠ka̠ ka̠kɯ̟e̞ː]; 4 May 1918 – 16 December 1993) was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1972 to 1974. Known for his background in construction and earthy and tenacious political style, Tanaka is the only modern Japanese prime minister who did not finish high school or graduate from a university. Born in Niigata Prefecture to a poor farmer, Tanaka left school at age 14. He later received an engineering education and founded his own construction company in 1936. In 1940, he was drafted into the army and served in Manchuria until 1941; during the Pacific War, he made a fortune from government contracts. After the war, Tanaka was first elected to the National Diet in 1947. He joined the Liberal Democratic Party on its foundation in 1955, and held a series of cabinet positions, including posts as telecommunications minister from 1957 to 1958, finance minister from 1962 to 1965, and international trade and industry minister from 1971 to 1972. He built up a large faction in the party by political maneuvering and extensive use of money. After a power struggle with Takeo Fukuda, Tanaka succeeded Eisaku Satō as prime minister in 1972. Domestically, he pursued his "Plan to Remodel the Japanese Archipelago", an infrastructure development program, before it was shelved due to inflation and the 1973 oil crisis. In 1972, Tanaka established relations with the People's Republic of China. Although he had entered office with a very high popularity rating, this declined quickly amid allegations of corruption before his resignation in 1974. In 1976, Tanaka was arrested and charged with taking ¥500 million in bribes in the Lockheed scandal, and in 1983 was sentenced to four years in prison. However, Tanaka remained free on appeal to the Supreme Court until his death in 1993. Throughout his legal problems, he maintained influence through his faction, the largest faction in the LDP, and continued to serve as kingmaker for subsequent premiers, which earned him the nickname "Shadow Shogun" among others. A debilitating stroke he suffered in 1985 led to the collapse of his political faction, with most members regrouping under the leadership of Noboru Takeshita in 1987.
Takeo Kimura (木村 威夫, Kimura Takeo; April 1, 1918 – March 21, 2010) was a Japanese art director, writer and film…Takeo Kimura (木村 威夫, Kimura Takeo; April 1, 1918 – March 21, 2010) was a Japanese art director, writer and film director. Beginning his career in 1945 he art-directed well over 200 films. He was one of Japan's best known art directors, most famously for his collaborations with cult director Seijun Suzuki through the 1960s at the Nikkatsu Company, exemplified by Tokyo Drifter (1966). Other directors with whom he frequently worked include Toshio Masuda, Kazuo Kuroki, Kei Kumai and Kaizo Hayashi. At age 90 he made his feature film directorial debut with Dreaming Awake (2008). He had also worked as a critic, writer, painter, photographer and teacher.
Utako Okamoto (岡本歌子, Okamoto Utako; 1 April 1918 – 21 April 2016) was a Japanese medical doctor working as a medical…Utako Okamoto (岡本歌子, Okamoto Utako; 1 April 1918 – 21 April 2016) was a Japanese medical doctor working as a medical scientist who discovered tranexamic acid in the 1950s in her quest to find a drug that would treat bleeding after childbirth (post-partum haemorrhage). After publishing results in 1962 she became a chair at Kobe Gakuin University, where she worked from 1966 until her retirement in 1990. Okamoto's career was hampered by a very male dominated environment. During her lifetime she was unable to persuade obstetricians at Kobe to trial the antifibrinolytic agent, which had become a drug on the WHO list of essential medicines in 2009. She lived to see the 2010 beginning of the study of tranexamic acid in 20.000 women with post-partum haemorrhage, but died before its completion in 2016 and the publication of tranexamic acids fatality preventing results in 2017, that she had predicted.
Ryō Ikebe (池部 良, Ikebe Ryō; 11 February 1918 – 8 October 2010) was a Japanese actor. He graduated from Rikkyō…Ryō Ikebe (池部 良, Ikebe Ryō; 11 February 1918 – 8 October 2010) was a Japanese actor. He graduated from Rikkyō University and originally wanted to be a director, but ended up debuting as an actor at Tōhō in 1941. He did not achieve popularity until starring in a series of youth films in the late 1940s. He expanded his acting range in the 1950s, while still frequently appearing in genre films, such as Tōhō tokusatsu films and yakuza films at Tōei. One key role of his was in the 1964 film noir Pale Flower. Apparently, he was cast by Masahiro Shinoda despite saying that he was a "ham actor". Shinoda stated that he cast him because of his sleek features present in films such as Early Spring (1956) and wanted to feel the "quality of a man down on his luck." (at the time of production, Ikebe happened to be at home because of a bad experience he had acting in a play where he couldn't remember his lines). He was also known as an essayist. On 8 October 2010, he died of blood poisoning. He was 92 years old.
Shizue Yamaguchi (Japanese: 山口シヅエ; 31 October 1917 – 3 April 2012) was a Japanese physician and politician. She was one…Shizue Yamaguchi (Japanese: 山口シヅエ; 31 October 1917 – 3 April 2012) was a Japanese physician and politician. She was one of the first group of women elected to the House of Representatives in 1946.
Morikazu Toda (戸田 盛和, Toda Morikazu; 20 October 1917 – 6 October 2010) was a Japanese physicist, best known for the…Morikazu Toda (戸田 盛和, Toda Morikazu; 20 October 1917 – 6 October 2010) was a Japanese physicist, best known for the discovery of the Toda lattice. His main interests were in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.
Kenkichi Iwasawa (岩澤 健吉 Iwasawa Kenkichi, September 11, 1917 – October 26, 1998) was a Japanese mathematician who is…Kenkichi Iwasawa (岩澤 健吉 Iwasawa Kenkichi, September 11, 1917 – October 26, 1998) was a Japanese mathematician who is known for his influence on algebraic number theory.
Mutsuko Miki (三木 睦子, Miki Mutsuko; 31 July 1917 – 31 July 2012) was a Japanese activist who advocated on behalf of…Mutsuko Miki (三木 睦子, Miki Mutsuko; 31 July 1917 – 31 July 2012) was a Japanese activist who advocated on behalf of pacifism, official compensation for comfort women, and improved Japan–North Korea relations. She was the widow of former Japanese Prime Minister Takeo Miki. Miki served as the wife of the Prime Minister of Japan, or First Lady, during her husband's two-year tenure from 1974 to 1976.
Ichiro Yoshikuni (特別 吉國 一郎 September 2, 1916 – September 2, 2011) was a Japanese baseball executive. He served as the…Ichiro Yoshikuni (特別 吉國 一郎 September 2, 1916 – September 2, 2011) was a Japanese baseball executive. He served as the Commissioner of Baseball in Nippon Professional Baseball from 1989 to 1998. The longest-serving NPB commissioner, he is a member of the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame.
Michio Asanuma (浅沼 美智雄, Asanuma Michio; November 19, 1915 – 2001; also written as 浅沼 美知雄, Asanuma Michio) was a…Michio Asanuma (浅沼 美智雄, Asanuma Michio; November 19, 1915 – 2001; also written as 浅沼 美知雄, Asanuma Michio) was a Japanese political activist and right-wing activist. He served as vice representative and supreme advisor of the Greater Japan Patriotic Groups Federation – Current Affairs Countermeasures Council (大日本愛国団体連合・時局対策協議会, Jitaikyō or Jitaitai Kyō); editor-in-chief and director of the Anti-Communist Newspaper Company; participant and supreme advisor of the Greater Japan Patriotic Party; captain and advisor of the Anti-Communist Volunteer Corps; advisor to the Student Movement Pure Alliance; caretaker of the All-Japan Patriots Friendship Association; second-generation representative of the Greater Japan Patriotic Groups Federation; advisor to the Gakunan Gijuku; advisor to the Speech Comrades Association; and representative of the Imperial Way National Federation.
Gozo Shioda (塩田 剛三, Shioda Gōzō; September 9, 1915 – July 17, 1994) was a Japanese master of aikido who founded the…Gozo Shioda (塩田 剛三, Shioda Gōzō; September 9, 1915 – July 17, 1994) was a Japanese master of aikido who founded the Yoshinkan style of aikido. He was one of aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba's most senior students. Shioda held the rank of 9th dan Aikikai and 10th dan of IMAF aikido.
Kaoru Ishikawa (石川 馨, Ishikawa Kaoru; July 13, 1915 – April 16, 1989) was a Japanese organizational theorist and a…Kaoru Ishikawa (石川 馨, Ishikawa Kaoru; July 13, 1915 – April 16, 1989) was a Japanese organizational theorist and a professor in the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo who was noted for his quality management innovations. He is considered a key figure in the development of quality initiatives in Japan, particularly the quality circle. He is best known outside Japan for the Ishikawa or cause and effect diagram (also known as the fishbone diagram), often used in the analysis of industrial processes.
Kunihiko Kodaira (小平 邦彦, Kodaira Kunihiko; Japanese pronunciation: [kodaꜜiɾa kɯɲiꜜçi̥ko], 16 March 1915 – 26 July 1997)…Kunihiko Kodaira (小平 邦彦, Kodaira Kunihiko; Japanese pronunciation: [kodaꜜiɾa kɯɲiꜜçi̥ko], 16 March 1915 – 26 July 1997) was a Japanese mathematician known for distinguished work in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds, and as the founder of the Japanese school of algebraic geometers. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1954, being the first Japanese national to receive this honour.
Hayao Kinugasa (衣笠駿雄, Kinugasa Hayao; February 2, 1915 – February 11, 2007) was a Japanese military officer who served…Hayao Kinugasa (衣笠駿雄, Kinugasa Hayao; February 2, 1915 – February 11, 2007) was a Japanese military officer who served in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second World War and post-war joined up with the Japanese Self-Defense Forces (JGSDF) and its predecessor forces, namely the National Police Reserve (NPR). In the course of his career, he served in the JSDF's Joint Staff Council and was the first commander of the 1st Airborne Brigade before he retired to private life.
Takeshi Kamo (加茂 健, Kamo Takeshi; February 8, 1915 – March 26, 2004) was a Japanese football player who represented the…Takeshi Kamo (加茂 健, Kamo Takeshi; February 8, 1915 – March 26, 2004) was a Japanese football player who represented the Japan national team. His brother Shogo Kamo also played for Japan national team.
Yoshiko Mibuchi (三淵 嘉子, Mibuchi Yoshiko; November 13, 1914 – May 28, 1984) was one of the first three women in Japan to…Yoshiko Mibuchi (三淵 嘉子, Mibuchi Yoshiko; November 13, 1914 – May 28, 1984) was one of the first three women in Japan to become lawyers.
Takehiko Kanagoki (17 June 1914 – 19 February 1992) was a Japanese basketball player. He competed in the men's…Takehiko Kanagoki (17 June 1914 – 19 February 1992) was a Japanese basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics. His correct family name is Kanokogi (鹿子木), not Kanagoki. He was the son of Japanese father, Kanokogi Kazunobu, philosopher, and Polish-German mother, Cornelia, Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński's daughter.
Kenichiro Matsuoka (松岡 謙一郎, Matsuoka Ken'ichirō; June 13, 1914 – December 23, 1994) was a Japanese media executive. He…Kenichiro Matsuoka (松岡 謙一郎, Matsuoka Ken'ichirō; June 13, 1914 – December 23, 1994) was a Japanese media executive. He founded and served as the first President of Japan Cable Television, and as a Vice President of Asahi Broadcasting Company (now TV Asahi).
Yoshiko Shibaki (芝木好子, Shibaki Yoshiko; 7 May 1914 – 25 August 1991) was a Japanese writer of short stories and novels.…Yoshiko Shibaki (芝木好子, Shibaki Yoshiko; 7 May 1914 – 25 August 1991) was a Japanese writer of short stories and novels. She was awarded numerous prizes for her work, including the Akutagawa Prize and the Women's Literature Prize.
Toshihiko Izutsu (井筒 俊彦, Izutsu Toshihiko; 4 May 1914 – 7 January 1993) was a Japanese scholar who specialized in…Toshihiko Izutsu (井筒 俊彦, Izutsu Toshihiko; 4 May 1914 – 7 January 1993) was a Japanese scholar who specialized in Islamic studies and comparative religion. He took an interest in linguistics at a young age, and came to know more than thirty languages, including Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish, Persian, Sanskrit, Pali, Hindustani, Russian, Greek, and Chinese. He is widely known for his translation of the Qurʾān into Japanese.
Koichi Oita (種田 孝一, Oita Koichi; April 9, 1914 – September 11, 1996) was a Japanese football player and manager. He…Koichi Oita (種田 孝一, Oita Koichi; April 9, 1914 – September 11, 1996) was a Japanese football player and manager. He played for Japan national team.
Kineo Kuwabara (桑原 甲子雄, Kuwabara Kineo; December 1913 – December 10, 2007) was a Japanese editor and photographer…Kineo Kuwabara (桑原 甲子雄, Kuwabara Kineo; December 1913 – December 10, 2007) was a Japanese editor and photographer, known for photographing Tokyo for over half a century. Kuwabara was born in Tokyo in 1913. He started taking photographs around 1931 with a Vest Pocket Kodak, but his interest increased as a result of an invitation by his neighbor Hiroshi Hamaya to go to a photo-shoot in Kamakura. His photograph, taken with a Leica C, won second prize in the related contest, leading him to submit his work to photographic magazines, which accepted them. In 1940, he went to Manchuria to take photographs for military purposes. He returned after the war and became editor of the magazine Camera and thereafter edited other photographic magazines, putting the nurture of new talent and photographic criticism ahead of his own photography. Kuwabara's own photographs received more critical attention from the late 1960s, but the revival in his work only took off in the mid-1970s. He came to be regarded as one of the foremost street photographers, particularly among those active before the war. While his earlier photographs of Tokyo had concentrated on Asakusa and elsewhere in the Shitamachi (area traditionally populated by artisans), his later photographs (many in color) show Setagaya-ku, where he later lived. Nobuyoshi Araki did much to promote the revival of interest in Kuwabara's works, and the pair had a joint exhibition, "Love you Tokyo", in the Setagaya Art Museum in summer 1993. Kuwabara died on 10 December 2007, a fact that was only announced in February 2008.
Seiji Miyaguchi (宮口精二, Miyaguchi Seiji; 15 November 1913 – 12 April 1985) was a Japanese stage and film actor who…Seiji Miyaguchi (宮口精二, Miyaguchi Seiji; 15 November 1913 – 12 April 1985) was a Japanese stage and film actor who appeared in films of Akira Kurosawa, Yasujirō Ozu, Mikio Naruse, Keisuke Kinoshita, Tadashi Imai and many others.
Yuki Katsura (桂ゆき, Katsura Yuki, also Katsura Yukiko, 10 October 1913 – 5 February 1991) was a Japanese artist whose…Yuki Katsura (桂ゆき, Katsura Yuki, also Katsura Yukiko, 10 October 1913 – 5 February 1991) was a Japanese artist whose career spanned from the prewar to the postwar eras. During her six-decade career, Katsura did not conform to one particular artistic genre or style, instead employing a variety of approaches including painting, mixed media collage, and caricature to depict a range of subjects using folkloric allegory, religious iconography, realism, and experiments into abstraction. She was trained in both Japanese and Western painting styles and traditions, which was a rare accomplishment for a woman of her time. Katsura engaged with subjects that responded to critical socio-political events in mid-century Japan, such as societal expectations for Japanese women, the militarization of Japan, the post-war occupation, the rise of nuclear power, and gender equality. Her diverse approaches, engagement with critical issues, and adherence to personal autonomy gained her critical acclaim; she has been called a "pioneer among women artists," and is considered influential to the genesis of the Japanese avant-garde before and after the Asia Pacific War. Katsura has been the subject of several large museum retrospectives in Japan, including the Shimonoseki Municipal Museum of Art (1991); Ibaraki Prefectural Museum of Modern Art (1998); and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (2013). While she is very well-known in her native Japan, Katsura was left out of the canonization of Japanese art and art market in a Western context for many years. In the 2010s, she became the subject of more curatorial and art historical interest and publications in English. Katsura's artworks are included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura & Hayama; Ohara Museum of Art; Itabashi Art Museum; the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo; the Yokohama Museum of Art; and the University of Arizona Museum of Art.
Seizo Suzuki (鈴木 省三, Suzuki Seizō; 23 May 1913 – 20 January 2000) was a Japanese rose hybridizer and the director of…Seizo Suzuki (鈴木 省三, Suzuki Seizō; 23 May 1913 – 20 January 2000) was a Japanese rose hybridizer and the director of the Keisei Rose Research Institute in Japan. He has been described as one of the leading modern Japanese rose breeders.
Toko Shinoda (篠田 桃紅, Shinoda Tōkō; 28 March 1913 – 1 March 2021) was a Japanese artist. Shinoda is best known for her…Toko Shinoda (篠田 桃紅, Shinoda Tōkō; 28 March 1913 – 1 March 2021) was a Japanese artist. Shinoda is best known for her abstract sumi ink paintings and prints. Shinoda's oeuvre was predominantly executed using the traditional means and media of East Asian calligraphy, but her resulting abstract ink paintings and prints express a nuanced visual affinity with the bold black brushstrokes of mid-century abstract expressionism. In the postwar New York art world, Shinoda's works were exhibited at the prominent art galleries including the Bertha Schaefer Gallery and the Betty Parsons Gallery. Shinoda remained active all her life and in 2013, she was honored with a touring retrospective exhibition at four venues in Gifu Prefecture (Gifu Collection of Modern Arts; Toko Shinoda Art Space; Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu; and Gallery Kohodo) to celebrate her 100th birthday. Shinoda has had solo exhibitions at the Seibu Museum at Art, Tokyo in 1989, the Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu in 1992, the Singapore Art Museum in 1996, the Hara Museum of Contemporary Art in 2003, the Sogo Museum of Art in 2021, the Tokyo Opera City Art Gallery in 2022, and among many others. Shinoda's works are in the collection of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, the Art Institute of Chicago, the British Museum, the Brooklyn Museum, the Harvard Art Museums, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, the Singapore Art Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the National Gallery of Victoria, and other leading museums of the world. Shinoda was also a prolific writer published more than 20 books.
Motoo Tatsuhara (立原 元夫, Tatsuhara Motoo; January 14, 1913 – ?) was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan…Motoo Tatsuhara (立原 元夫, Tatsuhara Motoo; January 14, 1913 – ?) was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.
Hidemitsu Tanaka (田中 英光, Tanaka Hidemitsu; 10 January 1913 – 3 November 1949) was a novelist of the Buraiha genre in…Hidemitsu Tanaka (田中 英光, Tanaka Hidemitsu; 10 January 1913 – 3 November 1949) was a novelist of the Buraiha genre in Shōwa period Japan. His name was also pronounced "Tanaka Eiko" on occasion.
Ujitoshi Konomi (16 December 1912 – 5 March 1980) was a Japanese sport shooter who competed in the 1956 Summer…Ujitoshi Konomi (16 December 1912 – 5 March 1980) was a Japanese sport shooter who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics. Hip hop artist UZI is Konomi's grandson.
Sir Masaharu Matsushita (松下 正治, Matsushita Masaharu; September 17, 1912 – July 16, 2012), was a Japanese businessman…Sir Masaharu Matsushita (松下 正治, Matsushita Masaharu; September 17, 1912 – July 16, 2012), was a Japanese businessman who served as the second President of Panasonic for sixteen years beginning in 1961. He was the son-in-law of Panasonic's founder, Konosuke Matsushita. Masaharu Matsushita has been credited with expanding Panasonic into a global brand during a time of high economic expansion in Japan.
Tsuneari Fukuda (25 August 1912 – 20 November 1994) was a Japanese playwright, translator, literary critic and public…Tsuneari Fukuda (25 August 1912 – 20 November 1994) was a Japanese playwright, translator, literary critic and public intellectual. Born in Tokyo to a working-class family, Fukuda read English literature at Tokyo Imperial University. A scholar of D. H. Lawrence, he found his voice as a critic by contributing to literary magazines. Interested in theatre from a young age, Fukuda became associated with the shingeki genre of contemporary theatre, writing and producing numerous original plays, including The Man Who Stroked the Dragon (1952) and The Fuhrer is Still Alive! (1970), for which he was awarded the Yomiuri Prize and Grand Prize for Japanese Literature respectively. From the 1950s, he began a life-long endeavour to translate William Shakespeare's work into Japanese. He staged successful productions of these translations, starting with Hamlet in 1955, which set off a Shakespeare boom in Japan. Originally associated with the Bungakuza theatre company, he later broke away to found the Kumo and Subaru companies in 1963 and 1975 respectively. A contributor to popular magazines such as Bungei Shunjū, Chūō Kōron, and Shokun!, Fukuda became well-known to the Japanese public as a conservative intellectual from the 1950s. He opposed the post-war Japanese script reform, and was awarded another Yomiuri Prize for his book on the subject, My Japanese Language Classroom (1960). He criticised left-wing movements, such as the Anpo protests, and questioned the dominance of pacifism in post-war Japan. A supporter of individual liberty and freedom of expression, he rejected the politicisation of art, and expressed doubts about Japanese modernisation. From 1969, he began teaching at Kyoto Sangyo University, and in 1981, he became a member of the Japan Art Academy. After suffering more than a decade of declining health, he died at Ōiso in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1994.
Hideo Itokawa (糸川 英夫, Itokawa Hideo; July 20, 1912 – February 21, 1999) was a pioneer of Japanese rocketry, popularly…Hideo Itokawa (糸川 英夫, Itokawa Hideo; July 20, 1912 – February 21, 1999) was a pioneer of Japanese rocketry, popularly known as "Dr. Rocket," and described in the media as the father of Japan's space development. The near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa was named in honor of Itokawa, and is notable as the target of the Hayabusa mission.
Princess Deokhye of Korea (Korean: 덕혜옹주; Japanese: 徳恵姫, Tokue-hime; 25 May 1912 – 21 April 1989) was the last princess…Princess Deokhye of Korea (Korean: 덕혜옹주; Japanese: 徳恵姫, Tokue-hime; 25 May 1912 – 21 April 1989) was the last princess of the Korean royal family. She was born on 25 May 1912, at Changdeok Palace, in Seoul, as the youngest daughter of Emperor Gojong from his concubine, then known as Yang Gwi-in. After her birth, Gojong bestowed the royal title Boknyeong on Lady Yang. Deokhye was not formally recognized as a princess by Japan because she was not the daughter of a Queen. In 1917, she was officially recognized as a princess by the Japanese government and her name was also formally entered into the imperial family's registry. Her father loved her greatly and established the Deoksugung Kindergarten for her in Junmyungdang (준명당), Hamnyeong Hall. Girls her age from noble families attended the kindergarten. In South Korea, she is called Deokhye Ongju, not Gongju. Gongju refers to the daughters of the Queen, and Ongju refers to the daughters of concubines.
Gen Ōtsuka (大束 元, Ōtsuka Gen; 1912-1992) was a renowned Japanese photographer. He was born on May 10, 1912, in the Kita…Gen Ōtsuka (大束 元, Ōtsuka Gen; 1912-1992) was a renowned Japanese photographer. He was born on May 10, 1912, in the Kita ward in Tokyo, Japan. His father, Otsuka Masayoshi, was a pioneer of photographic retouching. After graduating secondary school in 1929, his father encouraged him to study photography at Tokyo Industrial Arts High School (currently part of Chiba University). He graduated in 1933. Otsuka was a photographer who worked in various photographic styles. He was not tethered to specific photographic techniques or motifs. He was a leader in the Tokyo-based photojournalism that focused on social issues. But he was also a well established portrait photographer. He worked for the Asahi Newspaper.
Shunsuke Matsumoto (松本 竣介, Matsumoto Shunsuke; 1912–1948) was a Japanese painter, who primarily painted in the Yōga…Shunsuke Matsumoto (松本 竣介, Matsumoto Shunsuke; 1912–1948) was a Japanese painter, who primarily painted in the Yōga ("Western painting") style. Matsumoto is known for his urban landscapes. His works can be divided into two series: those depicting anonymous urban landscapes and people in cold blue tones in a montage style, and those depicting Tokyo and Yokohama landscapes in dull brown tones. For a short period between 1947 and 1948, Matsumoto also painted Cubist-style works.
Shigeo Takahashi (高橋 成夫, Takahashi Shigeo; 29 March 1912 – 4 November 1990) was a Japanese swimmer. He competed in the…Shigeo Takahashi (高橋 成夫, Takahashi Shigeo; 29 March 1912 – 4 November 1990) was a Japanese swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle at the 1932 Summer Olympics and the water polo tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
