Takashi Yokoyama (横山 隆志, Yokoyama Takashi; 24 December 1913 – 1945) was a Japanese swimmer. He competed at the 1932…Takashi Yokoyama (横山 隆志, Yokoyama Takashi; 24 December 1913 – 1945) was a Japanese swimmer. He competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics, where he won a gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay event. He died in Kōchi, Japan.
Takasi Tokioka (時岡 隆, Tokioka Takashi; 1913 – September 30, 2001) was a Japanese zoologist. He published over 200…Takasi Tokioka (時岡 隆, Tokioka Takashi; 1913 – September 30, 2001) was a Japanese zoologist. He published over 200 scientific articles on marine animals such as chaetognaths, ctenophores, and tunicates. He was Professor of Zoology at Kyoto University working at the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory in Shirahama, Japan. From 1975 to 1977, he was the Director of SMBL.
Kiyoshi Inoue (井上 清, Inoue Kiyoshi; December 19, 1913 - November 23, 2001) was a Japanese academic, historian, author…Kiyoshi Inoue (井上 清, Inoue Kiyoshi; December 19, 1913 - November 23, 2001) was a Japanese academic, historian, author and professor emeritus of the Kyoto University. He was considered a specialist in modern Japanese history. He was also known as a "progressive historian" and a "Marxist historian."
Masayoshi Ito (伊東 正義, Itō Masayoshi; 15 December 1913 – 21 May 1994) was a Japanese political figure. He served as…Masayoshi Ito (伊東 正義, Itō Masayoshi; 15 December 1913 – 21 May 1994) was a Japanese political figure. He served as acting Prime Minister of Japan in 1980 after the sudden death of Masayoshi Ōhira. He then served as foreign minister of Japan from 1980 to 1981.
Sunao Sonoda (園田 直, Sonoda Sunao; 11 December 1913 – 2 April 1984) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic…Sunao Sonoda (園田 直, Sonoda Sunao; 11 December 1913 – 2 April 1984) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) who served as minister for foreign affairs and minister of health and welfare. He was called "flying foreign minister" due to his active diplomacy in increasing the role of Japan when he was in office. He was one of the significant figures in normalizing the relations between Japan and China.
Kineo Kuwabara (桑原 甲子雄, Kuwabara Kineo; December 1913 – December 10, 2007) was a Japanese editor and photographer…Kineo Kuwabara (桑原 甲子雄, Kuwabara Kineo; December 1913 – December 10, 2007) was a Japanese editor and photographer, known for photographing Tokyo for over half a century. Kuwabara was born in Tokyo in 1913. He started taking photographs around 1931 with a Vest Pocket Kodak, but his interest increased as a result of an invitation by his neighbor Hiroshi Hamaya to go to a photo-shoot in Kamakura. His photograph, taken with a Leica C, won second prize in the related contest, leading him to submit his work to photographic magazines, which accepted them. In 1940, he went to Manchuria to take photographs for military purposes. He returned after the war and became editor of the magazine Camera and thereafter edited other photographic magazines, putting the nurture of new talent and photographic criticism ahead of his own photography. Kuwabara's own photographs received more critical attention from the late 1960s, but the revival in his work only took off in the mid-1970s. He came to be regarded as one of the foremost street photographers, particularly among those active before the war. While his earlier photographs of Tokyo had concentrated on Asakusa and elsewhere in the Shitamachi (area traditionally populated by artisans), his later photographs (many in color) show Setagaya-ku, where he later lived. Nobuyoshi Araki did much to promote the revival of interest in Kuwabara's works, and the pair had a joint exhibition, "Love you Tokyo", in the Setagaya Art Museum in summer 1993. Kuwabara died on 10 December 2007, a fact that was only announced in February 2008.
Yoshio Miyake (三宅芳夫, Miyake Yoshio; 7 December 1913 – 26 April 1983) was a Japanese gymnast. He competed in eight…Yoshio Miyake (三宅芳夫, Miyake Yoshio; 7 December 1913 – 26 April 1983) was a Japanese gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Yae Sagara (相良 八重, Sagara Yae; 27 November 1913 – 29 April 1967) was a Japanese track and field athlete. She competed…Yae Sagara (相良 八重, Sagara Yae; 27 November 1913 – 29 April 1967) was a Japanese track and field athlete. She competed in the women's high jump at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Tomie Ohtake (大竹富江, Ōtake Tomie; née Nakakubo (中久保); 21 November 1913 – 12 February 2015) was a Japanese Brazilian…Tomie Ohtake (大竹富江, Ōtake Tomie; née Nakakubo (中久保); 21 November 1913 – 12 February 2015) was a Japanese Brazilian visual artist. Her work includes paintings, prints and sculptures. She was one of the main representatives of informal abstractionism in Brazil.
Shomatsu Yokoyama (横山 正松, Yokoyama Shōmatsu; 1913–1992) was a Japanese physician. During the Second World War, he…Shomatsu Yokoyama (横山 正松, Yokoyama Shōmatsu; 1913–1992) was a Japanese physician. During the Second World War, he disobeyed orders to conduct inhumane experiments on living human beings.
Seiji Miyaguchi (宮口精二, Miyaguchi Seiji; 15 November 1913 – 12 April 1985) was a Japanese stage and film actor who…Seiji Miyaguchi (宮口精二, Miyaguchi Seiji; 15 November 1913 – 12 April 1985) was a Japanese stage and film actor who appeared in films of Akira Kurosawa, Yasujirō Ozu, Mikio Naruse, Keisuke Kinoshita, Tadashi Imai and many others.
Shigemitsu Dandō (團藤 重光, Dandō Shigemitsu; 8 November 1913 – 25 June 2012) was a professor of the department of Social…Shigemitsu Dandō (團藤 重光, Dandō Shigemitsu; 8 November 1913 – 25 June 2012) was a professor of the department of Social and Political sciences at the University of Tokyo, an academic researcher of criminology, and a Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan.
Masao Ichihara (市原 正雄, Ichihara Masao; 7 November 1913 – 1977) was a Japanese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 ×…Masao Ichihara (市原 正雄, Ichihara Masao; 7 November 1913 – 1977) was a Japanese sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Kieko Watanabe (渡辺喜恵子; November 6, 1913–August 8, 1997) was a Japanese novelist. She is best known for her Naoki…Kieko Watanabe (渡辺喜恵子; November 6, 1913–August 8, 1997) was a Japanese novelist. She is best known for her Naoki Prize-winning work, Mabuchi-gawa (馬淵川). Many of her works were historical fiction.
Sakunosuke Oda (織田 作之助, Oda Sakunosuke; October 26, 1913 – January 10, 1947) was a Japanese writer. He is often grouped…Sakunosuke Oda (織田 作之助, Oda Sakunosuke; October 26, 1913 – January 10, 1947) was a Japanese writer. He is often grouped with Osamu Dazai and Ango Sakaguchi as the Buraiha. Literally meaning ruffian or hoodlum faction, this label was not a matter of a stylistic school but one bestowed upon them by conservative critics disparaging the authors' attitudes and subject matter.
Major Shizuo Fukui (福井 静夫, Fukui Shizuo; 1913-1993) was a Japanese author, photographer, editor, and Imperial Japanese…Major Shizuo Fukui (福井 静夫, Fukui Shizuo; 1913-1993) was a Japanese author, photographer, editor, and Imperial Japanese Naval and Japanese Coast Guard officer with the rank of lieutenant commander. He was most famous for his comprehensive books of all combatant vessels and minor miscellaneous vessels in the Japanese Navy during World War II and postwar Japan. His third son Takeo Fukui was President of Honda R&D and Honda.
Yuki Katsura (桂ゆき, Katsura Yuki, also Katsura Yukiko, 10 October 1913 – 5 February 1991) was a Japanese artist whose…Yuki Katsura (桂ゆき, Katsura Yuki, also Katsura Yukiko, 10 October 1913 – 5 February 1991) was a Japanese artist whose career spanned from the prewar to the postwar eras. During her six-decade career, Katsura did not conform to one particular artistic genre or style, instead employing a variety of approaches including painting, mixed media collage, and caricature to depict a range of subjects using folkloric allegory, religious iconography, realism, and experiments into abstraction. She was trained in both Japanese and Western painting styles and traditions, which was a rare accomplishment for a woman of her time. Katsura engaged with subjects that responded to critical socio-political events in mid-century Japan, such as societal expectations for Japanese women, the militarization of Japan, the post-war occupation, the rise of nuclear power, and gender equality. Her diverse approaches, engagement with critical issues, and adherence to personal autonomy gained her critical acclaim; she has been called a "pioneer among women artists," and is considered influential to the genesis of the Japanese avant-garde before and after the Asia Pacific War. Katsura has been the subject of several large museum retrospectives in Japan, including the Shimonoseki Municipal Museum of Art (1991); Ibaraki Prefectural Museum of Modern Art (1998); and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (2013). While she is very well-known in her native Japan, Katsura was left out of the canonization of Japanese art and art market in a Western context for many years. In the 2010s, she became the subject of more curatorial and art historical interest and publications in English. Katsura's artworks are included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura & Hayama; Ohara Museum of Art; Itabashi Art Museum; the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo; the Yokohama Museum of Art; and the University of Arizona Museum of Art.
Toshio Sugie (杉江敏男, Sugie Toshio; 24 September 1913 – 10 October 1996) was a Japanese film director. He directed films…Toshio Sugie (杉江敏男, Sugie Toshio; 24 September 1913 – 10 October 1996) was a Japanese film director. He directed films from the 1940s to the 1960s.
Tokutaro Ukon (右近 徳太郎, Ukon Tokutarō; 23 September 1913 – March 1944) was a Japanese football player. He played for…Tokutaro Ukon (右近 徳太郎, Ukon Tokutarō; 23 September 1913 – March 1944) was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.
Hidekazu Yoshida (Japanese: 吉田 秀和, romanized: Yoshida Hidekazu; 23 September 1913 – 22 May 2012) was a Japanese music…Hidekazu Yoshida (Japanese: 吉田 秀和, romanized: Yoshida Hidekazu; 23 September 1913 – 22 May 2012) was a Japanese music and literary critic whose career spanned the Shōwa and Heisei eras.
Tadao Horie (堀江 忠男, Horie Tadao; September 13, 1913 – March 29, 2003) was a Japanese football player. He played for…Tadao Horie (堀江 忠男, Horie Tadao; September 13, 1913 – March 29, 2003) was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.
Eiji Toyoda (豊田 英二, Toyoda Eiji; 12 September 1913 – 17 September 2013) was a Japanese engineer and industrialist. He…Eiji Toyoda (豊田 英二, Toyoda Eiji; 12 September 1913 – 17 September 2013) was a Japanese engineer and industrialist. He was largely responsible for bringing Toyota Motor Corporation to profitability and worldwide prominence during his tenure as president and later, as chairman. He was succeeded as the president of Toyota by Shoichiro Toyoda.
Shigeru Ishimoto (1913–2007) was a Japanese politician. She served as Director-General of the Environmental Agency from…Shigeru Ishimoto (1913–2007) was a Japanese politician. She served as Director-General of the Environmental Agency from 1984 to 1985. She was the third woman to become a Cabinet minister in Japan.
Seiji Shimota (霜多正次, Shimota Seiji; September 5, 1913 – April 16, 2003) was a Japanese novelist. Born in Nakijin…Seiji Shimota (霜多正次, Shimota Seiji; September 5, 1913 – April 16, 2003) was a Japanese novelist. Born in Nakijin, Okinawa, he attended local elementary and middle schools, but continued his high school education in Kumamoto, where he began writing novels and studied with Haruo Umezaki. He graduated from the School of English Literature, Literature Department of Tokyo Imperial University. In 1940, he was conscripted and sent to Bougainville Island. Towards the end of the war, in May 1945, he surrendered to Australian forces and was sent to a POW camp. After being released, he did not return to Okinawa (which at the time was occupied by the Americans), but went to Tokyo instead, where he wrote novels while working in the offices of Shin Nihon Bungakukai ("New Japan Literature Society"), a leftist writers' association. In 1950, he published Kiyama ittō-hei to senkyōshi ("Private Kiyama and the Missionary") in the magazine "Shin Nihon Bungaku" and established himself as a writer. In 1953, he returned for a visit for the first time after the war to Okinawa, and started using Okinawan themes in his writings. For the novel Okinawashima, which was published in installments in Shin Nihon Bungaku ("New Japanese Literature") in 1956, he was awarded the "Mainichi Publications Literary Award". In 1957, with fellow writers Tatsukichi Nishino, Kim Tal-su and Sei Kubota, he started the Riarizumu Kenkyukai ("Realism Research Association"). He was expelled from the New Japan Literature Society after relations between him and Teruo Takei, the de facto leader of the Society, were soured by ideological differences. At a conference in 1964, Shimota disagreed with other executives of the Society on numerous issues, such as in regard to the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, in which he took the Japanese Communist Party's position on the issue. When the Nippon minshushugi bungaku domei ("Japanese Democratic Literary Alliance") was established in 1965, he was named vice-chairman. In 1971, he was awarded the Takiji-Yuriko Award for Akemodoro. He died of pneumonia in Musashino, Tokyo, on April 16, 2003.
Kenzō Tange (丹下 健三, Tange Kenzō; 4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005) was a Japanese architect. Born in Sakai and raised…Kenzō Tange (丹下 健三, Tange Kenzō; 4 September 1913 – 22 March 2005) was a Japanese architect. Born in Sakai and raised in China and southern Japan, Tange was inspired from an early age by the work of Le Corbusier and designed his first buildings under Imperial Japan. He first achieved recognition for his projects to reconstruct the destroyed cities of postwar Japan, particularly Hiroshima, where he designed the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. His engagement with the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne in the 1950s made him one of the first Japanese architects to achieve international recognition. Renowned for synthesizing traditional Japanese styles with modernism, Tange's work was emblematic of the Japanese postwar boom. However, he built major projects on five continents. He was a forerunner, mentor, and patron of the metabolist movement. He was also known as an ambitious, original urban planner whose ideas inspired the reconstruction of cities including Skopje. Tange would continue designing buildings until his death in 2005. Tange won awards for his contributions to architecture, including the Royal Gold Medal in 1965, the AIA Gold Medal in 1966, the Praemium Imperiale for Architecture in 1993, and the Pritzker Prize, the "Nobel Prize of architecture", in 1987.
Saburō Ienaga (家永 三郎, Ienaga Saburō; September 3, 1913 – November 29, 2002) was a Japanese historian. In 1953, the…Saburō Ienaga (家永 三郎, Ienaga Saburō; September 3, 1913 – November 29, 2002) was a Japanese historian. In 1953, the Japanese Ministry of Education published a textbook by Ienaga, but censored what they said were factual errors and matters of opinion, regarding Japanese war crimes. Ienaga undertook a series of lawsuits against the Ministry for violation of his freedom of speech. He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999 and 2001 by Noam Chomsky among others. He also recorded the history of the Japanese resistance in World War II in his book The Pacific War, 1931–1945.
Jun Tazaki (田崎 潤, Tazaki Jun; 28 August 1913 – 18 October 1985), born Minoru Tanaka, was a Japanese actor best known…Jun Tazaki (田崎 潤, Tazaki Jun; 28 August 1913 – 18 October 1985), born Minoru Tanaka, was a Japanese actor best known for his various roles in kaiju films produced by Toho, often portraying scientists or military personnel.
Hiromichi Shinohara (篠原 弘道, Shinohara Hiromichi; 1 August 1913 – 27 August 1939) was the highest-scoring fighter ace of…Hiromichi Shinohara (篠原 弘道, Shinohara Hiromichi; 1 August 1913 – 27 August 1939) was the highest-scoring fighter ace of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (IJAAF). On 27 June 1939 he set a Japanese record by downing 11 planes on a single day. He was shot down and killed on 27 August 1939, having claimed 58 victories in only three months of combat. He scored all his aerial victories while flying a Nakajima Ki-27.
Nankichi Niimi (新美 南吉, Niimi Nankichi; July 30, 1913 – March 22, 1943) was a Japanese author, sometimes known as the…Nankichi Niimi (新美 南吉, Niimi Nankichi; July 30, 1913 – March 22, 1943) was a Japanese author, sometimes known as the Hans Christian Andersen of Japan. Niimi was born Shōhachi Watanabe (渡邊 正八, Watanabe Shōhachi) in Yanabe, in the city of Handa, Aichi prefecture, on July 30, 1913. He lost his mother when he was four years old. His literary skill was noticeable at an early age. During his elementary school graduation ceremony, he presented a haiku that impressed most people at the ceremony. The Dandelion So Many Days Trampled Today’s Flower At age 18, Niimi moved to Tokyo to enter the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. He fell sick with tuberculosis while in Tokyo shortly after graduating, and returned to his hometown. He worked there, first as an elementary school teacher, then as a women's high school teacher. He died at age 29. Although not prolific, he shows great talent in all of his writings. His works are known for their accuracy and lively depictions of humans. He is also often compared to Kenji Miyazawa. There is a Niimi Nankichi Memorial Museum in his birthplace, Handa.
Kanichi Kashimura (樫村 寛一, Kashimura Kan'ichi; July 5, 1913 – March 6, 1943) was an Imperial Japanese Navy Naval Ace of…Kanichi Kashimura (樫村 寛一, Kashimura Kan'ichi; July 5, 1913 – March 6, 1943) was an Imperial Japanese Navy Naval Ace of the Second Sino-Japanese and Second World War. On December 9, 1937, Kashimura fought Hawk III over Nan- chang, destroying one and then colliding with another aircraft (an unknown type that could have been either Japanese or Chinese), tearing off a third of his left wing. Through superb piloting, the calm aviator brought his crippled Claude' back to base, and after four landing attempts, the aircraft somersaulted on touching the ground on its fourth approach and lost its tail in the subsequent crash. Astoundingly, the pilot walked away from the wreckage unharmed. Local news reporters quickly sent the story back to Japan, where Kashimura gained instant fame. On March 6, 1943 he was shot down and killed by a US aircraft near the Russell Islands.
Ayako Sano (佐野禮子, Sano Ayako; July 4, 1913 – September 3, 2003), formerly Princess Ayako Takeda (禮子女王, Ayako Joō), was…Ayako Sano (佐野禮子, Sano Ayako; July 4, 1913 – September 3, 2003), formerly Princess Ayako Takeda (禮子女王, Ayako Joō), was the daughter of Prince Tsunehisa Takeda and Princess Masako Takeda, and was thus the granddaughter of Emperor Meiji through her mother's side. She married Tsunemitsu Sano in March 1934, and had four children. She lost her status as a member of the Imperial Family in October 1947 with the abolition of collateral imperial houses by the American Occupation Authorities. She died on September 3, 2003.
Takeshi Nagata (永田 武, Nagata Takeshi; June 24, 1913 – June 3, 1991) was a Japanese geophysicist. He studied…Takeshi Nagata (永田 武, Nagata Takeshi; June 24, 1913 – June 3, 1991) was a Japanese geophysicist. He studied geomagnetism. He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1987. Mount Nagata in Antarctica is named after him.
Tsugio Hasegawa (長谷川 次男, Hasegawa Tsugio; born 18 June 1913, date of death unknown) was a Japanese figure skater.…Tsugio Hasegawa (長谷川 次男, Hasegawa Tsugio; born 18 June 1913, date of death unknown) was a Japanese figure skater. Hasegawa began figure skating in 1926 at a park in Kanagawa Prefecture. He competed in the men's singles event at the 1936 Winter Olympics. Later that month, he competed at the 1936 World Championships, where he placed last.
Hideo Nakamura (中村 日出夫, Nakamura, Hideo; born Kang Chang-Soo (Korean: 강창수; Hanja: 姜昌秀); June 16, 1913 – January 8…Hideo Nakamura (中村 日出夫, Nakamura, Hideo; born Kang Chang-Soo (Korean: 강창수; Hanja: 姜昌秀); June 16, 1913 – January 8, 2013) is a karateka from the Korean Peninsula. He was the first president of the Karatedo Kendokai, being ranked 10th dan.
Syoziro Asahina (朝比奈 正二郎, Asahina Shōjirō; June 10, 1913, Bunkyō, Tokyo – November 28, 2010) was a Japanese…Syoziro Asahina (朝比奈 正二郎, Asahina Shōjirō; June 10, 1913, Bunkyō, Tokyo – November 28, 2010) was a Japanese entomologist, specializing in dragonflies and damselflies.
Toshikazu Katayama (片山 敏一, Katayama Toshiichi; born June 5, 1913) was a Japanese figure skater. He won the Japan Figure…Toshikazu Katayama (片山 敏一, Katayama Toshiichi; born June 5, 1913) was a Japanese figure skater. He won the Japan Figure Skating Championships in 1933–1935, 1937 and 1938. In 1936, he represented Japan at the Winter Olympics, World Championships and European Championships. He studied and trained at Kwansei Gakuin University. In 1949, Fritzi Burger reported to Skating magazine that he was married with two children and still skated occasionally, including with Burger in a show.
Seizo Suzuki (鈴木 省三, Suzuki Seizō; 23 May 1913 – 20 January 2000) was a Japanese rose hybridizer and the director of…Seizo Suzuki (鈴木 省三, Suzuki Seizō; 23 May 1913 – 20 January 2000) was a Japanese rose hybridizer and the director of the Keisei Rose Research Institute in Japan. He has been described as one of the leading modern Japanese rose breeders.
Masaji Iguro (Japanese: 伊黒正次; May 14, 1913 – October 4, 2000) was a Japanese ski jumper who competed in the 1930s. At…Masaji Iguro (Japanese: 伊黒正次; May 14, 1913 – October 4, 2000) was a Japanese ski jumper who competed in the 1930s. At the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, he finished seventh in the individual large hill competition.
Hisaya Morishige (森繁 久彌, Morishige Hisaya; May 4, 1913 – November 10, 2009) was a Japanese actor and comedian. Born in…Hisaya Morishige (森繁 久彌, Morishige Hisaya; May 4, 1913 – November 10, 2009) was a Japanese actor and comedian. Born in Hirakata, Osaka, he graduated from Kitano Middle School (now Kitano High School), and attended Waseda University. He began his career as a stage actor, then became an announcer for NHK, working in Manchukuo. He became famous in films first for comedy roles, appearing in series such as the "Company President" (Shacho) and "Station Front" (Ekimae) series, produced by Toho. He appeared in nearly 250 films, both contemporary and jidaigeki. He was also famous on stage playing Tevye in the Japanese version of Fiddler on the Roof. He also appeared in television series and specials, and was the first guest on the television talk show Tetsuko's Room in 1975. He was long-time head of the Japan Actors Union. Among many honors, Morishige received the Order of Culture from the Emperor of Japan in 1991. Hisaya Morishige died of natural causes at a hospital in Tokyo on November 10, 2009, at the age of 96.
Takao Nakae (born 30 April 1913, date of death unknown) was a Japanese basketball player. He competed in the men's…Takao Nakae (born 30 April 1913, date of death unknown) was a Japanese basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Misao Jo (城 みさを, Jō Misao; April 27, 1913 – January 10, 2018) was a Japanese textile artist, weaver, and educator. She…Misao Jo (城 みさを, Jō Misao; April 27, 1913 – January 10, 2018) was a Japanese textile artist, weaver, and educator. She was born in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture. She is famous for establishing the modern Japanese style of weaving known as Saori, as well as a philosophical framework for weaving which included Zen philosophy.
Tsutomu Ōyokota (大横田 勉, Ōyokota Tsutomu; April 20, 1913 – 1970) was a Japanese freestyle swimmer. While a student at…Tsutomu Ōyokota (大横田 勉, Ōyokota Tsutomu; April 20, 1913 – 1970) was a Japanese freestyle swimmer. While a student at Meiji University, he set national records over 200 m (2:14.6) and 400 m (4:50.4). He was selected for the 1932 Olympics and won a bronze medal in the 400 m event, despite suffering a severe bout of gastroenteritis before the Games.
Masatoshi Nakayama (中山 正敏, Nakayama Masatoshi; April 13, 1913 – April 15, 1987)[a] was an internationally famous…Masatoshi Nakayama (中山 正敏, Nakayama Masatoshi; April 13, 1913 – April 15, 1987)[a] was an internationally famous Japanese master of Shotokan karate. He helped establish the Japan Karate Association (JKA) in 1949, and wrote many textbooks on karate, which served to popularize his martial art. For almost 40 years, until his death in 1987, Nakayama worked to spread Shotokan karate around the world. He was the first master in Shotokan history to attain the rank of 9th dan while alive, and was posthumously awarded the rank of 10th dan.
