Shen Junru (Chinese: 沈钧儒; pinyin: Shěn Jūnrú; Wade–Giles: Shen Chünju; January 2, 1875 – June 11, 1963) was a Chinese…Shen Junru (Chinese: 沈钧儒; pinyin: Shěn Jūnrú; Wade–Giles: Shen Chünju; January 2, 1875 – June 11, 1963) was a Chinese lawyer and politician who was the president of the Supreme People's Court of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. He was also the chairman of the China Democratic League.
Viscount Toshisada Maeda (前田 利定, Maeda Toshisada; 10 December 1874 – 2 October 1944) was a Japanese politician who was…Viscount Toshisada Maeda (前田 利定, Maeda Toshisada; 10 December 1874 – 2 October 1944) was a Japanese politician who was Minister of Communications and Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
Ushimaro Sawada (沢田 牛麿, Sawada Ushimaro; 6 February 1874 – 29 January 1958) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician…Ushimaro Sawada (沢田 牛麿, Sawada Ushimaro; 6 February 1874 – 29 January 1958) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as Governor of Aomori Prefecture, Governor of Saga Prefecture, Governor of Ishikawa Prefecture, Governor of Fukuoka Prefecture, 19th Director-General of the Hokkaidō Agency, and later as a member of the House of Peers.
Kenkichi Yoshizawa (芳澤 謙吉, Yoshizawa Kenkichi; 24 January 1874 – 5 January 1965) was a Japanese diplomat in the Empire…Kenkichi Yoshizawa (芳澤 謙吉, Yoshizawa Kenkichi; 24 January 1874 – 5 January 1965) was a Japanese diplomat in the Empire of Japan, serving as 46th Foreign Minister of Japan in 1932. He was the father-in-law of Sadao Iguchi, a diplomat who served as Ambassador to the United States, and maternal grandfather of Sadako Ogata, the former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and maternal grandfather of Yutaka Kawashima, a former Grand Chamberlain of Japan.
Bunji Okada (Japanese: 岡田文次; 1 January 1874 – 23 July 1943) was Director of the Karafuto Agency (1914–1916). He was…Bunji Okada (Japanese: 岡田文次; 1 January 1874 – 23 July 1943) was Director of the Karafuto Agency (1914–1916). He was Governor of Tochigi Prefecture (1911–1914). He was a graduate of Tokyo Imperial University.
Hajime Seki (關 一, Seki Hajime; 26 September 1873 — 26 January 1935) was the Mayor of Osaka, Japan, between 1923 and…Hajime Seki (關 一, Seki Hajime; 26 September 1873 — 26 January 1935) was the Mayor of Osaka, Japan, between 1923 and 1935.
Baron Kumakichi Nakajima (中島久万吉, Nakajima Kumakichi; 24 July 1873 – 25 April 1960) was an entrepreneur, politician and…Baron Kumakichi Nakajima (中島久万吉, Nakajima Kumakichi; 24 July 1873 – 25 April 1960) was an entrepreneur, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
Tatsukichi Minobe (美濃部 達吉, Minobe Tatsukichi; 7 May 1873 – 23 May 1948) was a Japanese statesman and scholar of…Tatsukichi Minobe (美濃部 達吉, Minobe Tatsukichi; 7 May 1873 – 23 May 1948) was a Japanese statesman and scholar of constitutional law. His interpretation of the role of the monarchy in the pre-war Empire of Japan was a source of considerable controversy in the increasingly radicalized political environment of Japan in the 1930s. His wife was the daughter of Dairoku Kikuchi, and his son Ryokichi Minobe was Governor of Tokyo (1967–1979).
Ichizō Kobayashi (小林 一三, Kobayashi Ichizō; January 3, 1873 – January 25, 1957), occasionally referred to by his…Ichizō Kobayashi (小林 一三, Kobayashi Ichizō; January 3, 1873 – January 25, 1957), occasionally referred to by his pseudonym Itsuō (逸翁), was a Japanese industrialist and politician. He is best known as the founder of Hankyu Railway, the Takarazuka Revue, and Toho. He served as Minister of Commerce and Industry between 1940 and 1941.
Toyosuke Hata (秦 豊助, Hata Toyosuke; 29 September 1872 – 4 February 1933), was a politician and cabinet minister in the…Toyosuke Hata (秦 豊助, Hata Toyosuke; 29 September 1872 – 4 February 1933), was a politician and cabinet minister in the Empire of Japan, serving as governor of Akita Prefecture and of Tokushima Prefecture, and as a member of the Lower House of the Diet of Japan seven times, and once as a cabinet minister.
Otohiko Ichiki (市来 乙彦, Ichiki Otohiko; 7 May 1872 – 19 February 1954) was a Japanese bureaucrat, politician, and…Otohiko Ichiki (市来 乙彦, Ichiki Otohiko; 7 May 1872 – 19 February 1954) was a Japanese bureaucrat, politician, and central banker. He served as the Minister of Finance, the 10th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ), the Mayor of Tokyo City, and a member of the National Diet.
Baron Nijō Masamaro (二条 正麿; 9 January 1872 – 18 February 1929), son of Nijō Nariyuki, was a Japanese politician who…Baron Nijō Masamaro (二条 正麿; 9 January 1872 – 18 February 1929), son of Nijō Nariyuki, was a Japanese politician who served as a member of House of Peers in the Meiji period. He was the father of Nijō Toyomoto (二条 豊基; 1909–1944) and Nijō Tamemoto (二条 弼基; 1911–1985). Tamemoto was adopted by Nijō Atsumoto.
Ōta Masahiro (太田 政弘; 16 November 1871 – 24 January 1951) was the 14th Governor-General of Taiwan (1931–1932). He was…Ōta Masahiro (太田 政弘; 16 November 1871 – 24 January 1951) was the 14th Governor-General of Taiwan (1931–1932). He was Governor of Fukushima Prefecture (1913–1915), Ishikawa Prefecture (1915–1916), Kumamoto Prefecture (1916–1919), Niigata Prefecture (1919–1923) and Aichi Prefecture (1923–1924). He was a graduate of the University of Tokyo.
Kawamura Takeji (川村 竹治; 1 September 1871 – 8 September 1955) was a Japanese businessman and the Governor-General of…Kawamura Takeji (川村 竹治; 1 September 1871 – 8 September 1955) was a Japanese businessman and the Governor-General of Taiwan (1928–1929), Minister of Justice (1932). He was Governor of Wakayama Prefecture (1911–1914), Kagawa Prefecture (1914–1915) and Aomori Prefecture (1917–1918).
Shūjirō Hara (原 脩次郎, Hara Shūjirō; July 1, 1871 – March 6, 1934), was a businessman, politician and cabinet minister in…Shūjirō Hara (原 脩次郎, Hara Shūjirō; July 1, 1871 – March 6, 1934), was a businessman, politician and cabinet minister in the Empire of Japan, serving as a member of the Lower House of the Diet of Japan six times, and twice as a cabinet minister.
Takukichi Kawasaki (川崎卓吉, Kawasaki Takukichi; 8 March 1871 – 27 March 1936) was a politician and cabinet minister in…Takukichi Kawasaki (川崎卓吉, Kawasaki Takukichi; 8 March 1871 – 27 March 1936) was a politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
Shimooka Chūji (下岡 忠治, 26 October 1870 – 22 November 1925) was a Japanese politician and bureaucrat. He served as…Shimooka Chūji (下岡 忠治, 26 October 1870 – 22 November 1925) was a Japanese politician and bureaucrat. He served as Inspector-General of Korea from July 1924 and was a member of the House of Representatives from March 1915, serving in both offices until his death in November 1925. He was the second president of Keijō Imperial University, from July 1924 to November 1925.
Ichita Kobashi (小橋 一太; 25 October 1870 – 2 October 1939) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as the…Ichita Kobashi (小橋 一太; 25 October 1870 – 2 October 1939) was a Japanese bureaucrat and politician who served as the Minister of Education in 1929 and as the 16th mayor of Tokyo from 1937 to 1939.
Motojirō Ozaki (尾崎 元次郎, Ozaki Motojirō; 5 October 1870 – 9 January 1945) was a Japanese politician and businessman…Motojirō Ozaki (尾崎 元次郎, Ozaki Motojirō; 5 October 1870 – 9 January 1945) was a Japanese politician and businessman, member of the House of Representatives and of the House of Peers.
Hamaguchi Osachi (Kyūjitai: 濱口 雄幸; Shinjitai: 浜口 雄幸, 1 April 1870 – 26 August 1931) was a Japanese politician who…Hamaguchi Osachi (Kyūjitai: 濱口 雄幸; Shinjitai: 浜口 雄幸, 1 April 1870 – 26 August 1931) was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1929 to 1931. Nicknamed the "Lion Prime Minister" (ライオン宰相, Raion Saishō) due to his dignified demeanor and mane-like hair, Hamaguchi served as leading member of the liberal Rikken Minseitō (Constitutional Democratic Party) during the "Taishō Democracy" of interwar Japan. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1915 until his death. He initially survived an assassination attempt by a right-wing extremist in 1930, but died about nine months later from a bacterial infection in his unhealed wounds.
Takio Izawa (伊澤 多喜男, Izawa Takio; 26 December 1869 – 13 August 1949) was a Japanese politician of the early 20th…Takio Izawa (伊澤 多喜男, Izawa Takio; 26 December 1869 – 13 August 1949) was a Japanese politician of the early 20th century.
Hiroshi Minami (南 弘, Minami Hiroshi; 13 November 1869 – 8 February 1946) was a Japanese bureaucrat, politician and…Hiroshi Minami (南 弘, Minami Hiroshi; 13 November 1869 – 8 February 1946) was a Japanese bureaucrat, politician and cabinet minister in Taishō and early Shōwa period Japan.
Kamiyama Mitsunoshin (上山 満之進, 31 October 1869 – 30 July 1938) was the 11th Governor-General of Taiwan (1926–1928). He…Kamiyama Mitsunoshin (上山 満之進, 31 October 1869 – 30 July 1938) was the 11th Governor-General of Taiwan (1926–1928). He was Governor of Kumamoto Prefecture (1912–1913).
Kazue Shōda (勝田 主計, Shōda Kazue; October 19, 1869 – October 10, 1948) was a Japanese statesman in the Meiji and Taishō…Kazue Shōda (勝田 主計, Shōda Kazue; October 19, 1869 – October 10, 1948) was a Japanese statesman in the Meiji and Taishō periods.
Fusanosuke Kuhara (久原 房之助, Kuhara Fusanosuke; 12 July 1869 – 29 January 1965) was a Japanese entrepreneur, politician…Fusanosuke Kuhara (久原 房之助, Kuhara Fusanosuke; 12 July 1869 – 29 January 1965) was a Japanese entrepreneur, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
Magoichi Tawara (俵 孫一, Tawara Magoichi; 16 June 1869 – 17 June 1944) was a bureaucrat, politician and cabinet minister…Magoichi Tawara (俵 孫一, Tawara Magoichi; 16 June 1869 – 17 June 1944) was a bureaucrat, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
Junnosuke Inoue (井上 準之助, Inoue Junnosuke; May 6, 1869 – February 9, 1932) was a Japanese financier and statesman of the…Junnosuke Inoue (井上 準之助, Inoue Junnosuke; May 6, 1869 – February 9, 1932) was a Japanese financier and statesman of the Taisho and Showa eras. He was the 9th and 11th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ), and Minister of Finance in 1923-1924 and 1929-1931. He was assassinated during the League of Blood Incident in 1932.
Sukehide Kabayama (樺山 資英, Kabayama Sukehide; 1 January 1868 – 19 March 1941) was a Japanese government official and…Sukehide Kabayama (樺山 資英, Kabayama Sukehide; 1 January 1868 – 19 March 1941) was a Japanese government official and businessman.
Heizō Yoshimura (1869 – 23 July 1935) was a Japanese politician who served as the Mayor of Hiroshima from January 1915…Heizō Yoshimura (1869 – 23 July 1935) was a Japanese politician who served as the Mayor of Hiroshima from January 1915 to December 1916.
Kintarō Yokoyama (横山 金太郎 Yokoyama Kintarō; 14 December 1868 – 25 September 1945) was a Japanese politician who served…Kintarō Yokoyama (横山 金太郎 Yokoyama Kintarō; 14 December 1868 – 25 September 1945) was a Japanese politician who served as the Mayor of Hiroshima from 1935 to 1939.
Ugaki Kazushige (宇垣 一成; 9 August 1868 – 30 April 1956) was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army and cabinet…Ugaki Kazushige (宇垣 一成; 9 August 1868 – 30 April 1956) was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army and cabinet minister before World War II, the 5th principal of Takushoku University, and twice Governor-General of Korea. Nicknamed Ugaki Issei, he served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Konoe cabinet in 1938.
Okada Keisuke (Japanese: 岡田 啓介; 20 January 1868 – 7 October 1952) was a Japanese admiral and statesman who served as…Okada Keisuke (Japanese: 岡田 啓介; 20 January 1868 – 7 October 1952) was a Japanese admiral and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1934 to 1936. Born to a samurai family in the Fukui Domain, Okada became an officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy and served during the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. After reaching the rank of Admiral, he served as minister of the navy under Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi from 1927 to 1929 and under Prime Minister Saitō Makoto from 1932 to 1933. Okada was appointed prime minister to succeed Saito in 1934. A moderate who attempted to restrain the rise of militarism, Okada was among those targeted by a group of rebel officers in the February 26 incident of 1936. Okada narrowly survived, but resigned in the aftermath of the incident. As a senior statesman during the Pacific War, Okada was a central figure in efforts to oust Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and seek peace with the Allies.
Mizuno Rentarō (水野錬太郎; 3 February 1868 – 25 November 1949) was a statesman, politician and cabinet minister in Taishō…Mizuno Rentarō (水野錬太郎; 3 February 1868 – 25 November 1949) was a statesman, politician and cabinet minister in Taishō and early Shōwa period Japan.
Shunji Miyao (宮尾 舜治, Miyao Shunji; 1 February 1868 – 3 April 1937) was a Japanese government official, colonial…Shunji Miyao (宮尾 舜治, Miyao Shunji; 1 February 1868 – 3 April 1937) was a Japanese government official, colonial administrator, and politician.
Baron Kantarō Suzuki (鈴木 貫太郎, Suzuki Kantarō; 18 January 1868 – 17 April 1948) was a Japanese politician and admiral…Baron Kantarō Suzuki (鈴木 貫太郎, Suzuki Kantarō; 18 January 1868 – 17 April 1948) was a Japanese politician and admiral who served as prime minister of Japan from 7 April to 17 August 1945, during World War II. He was prime minister at the time of Japan's surrender on 15 August. Born in Osaka, Suzuki graduated from the Naval Academy and Staff College and served in the First Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese Wars. He was promoted to full admiral in 1923 and served as chief of the naval general staff from 1925 to 1929. In 1945, Suzuki was appointed prime minister shortly after the start of the Battle of Okinawa and the resignation of prime minister Kuniaki Koiso. After the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July, which called for Japan's unconditional surrender, Suzuki dismissed it with the word mokusatsu. On 14 August, Suzuki attended the conference at which emperor Hirohito made the decision to surrender over his divided cabinet. Japan surrendered the next day, and Suzuki resigned on 17 August.
Nakamura Yoshikoto (中村 是公, , also Nakamura Korekimi; 20 December 1867 – 1 March 1927) was a government bureaucrat…Nakamura Yoshikoto (中村 是公, , also Nakamura Korekimi; 20 December 1867 – 1 March 1927) was a government bureaucrat, entrepreneur, and politician in late Meiji period Japan. He served as second Chairman of the South Manchurian Railway Company, Mayor of Tokyo, Railroad Minister, and was a member of the House of Peers. He was also known as Nakamura Zekō.
Suzuki Kisaburō (鈴木 喜三郎; né Kawashima; 6 November 1867 – 24 June 1940) was a Japanese politician, judge, prosecutor and…Suzuki Kisaburō (鈴木 喜三郎; né Kawashima; 6 November 1867 – 24 June 1940) was a Japanese politician, judge, prosecutor and educator who was Minister of Justice from 1931 to 1932 and Minister of Home Affairs in 1932.
Sakuye Takahashi (高橋 作衛 also spelled Sakuya Takahashi or Sakuyei Takahashi, b. ca. 1865 - d. September 12, 1920) was a…Sakuye Takahashi (高橋 作衛 also spelled Sakuya Takahashi or Sakuyei Takahashi, b. ca. 1865 - d. September 12, 1920) was a Japanese expert on international law. During the First Sino-Japanese War, he served as legal adviser for the Imperial Japanese Navy, and in that capacity tried to refute the allegations regarding massacre at Port Arthur. During the Russo-Japanese War he served as legal adviser for the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He also served as professor of law at Tokyo Imperial University and as chief editor of Japanese Review of International Law and Diplomacy. Under the cabinet of Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu, he served as Director of the Bureau of Legislation, and was charged with coordination on legislative affairs between government and parliament. He translated Japanese materials into English.
Baron Kiichirō Hiranuma (平沼 騏一郎; 28 September 1867 – 22 August 1952) was a Japanese lawyer and politician who served as…Baron Kiichirō Hiranuma (平沼 騏一郎; 28 September 1867 – 22 August 1952) was a Japanese lawyer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan in 1939. Hiranuma rose to prominence as a prosecutor and official in the Ministry of Justice. He served as minister of Justice under Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyōe and later became a privy counsellor. After serving as president of the privy council, he became prime minister in 1939, but resigned later the same year. He later returned to cabinet under Fumimaro Konoe. After the Japanese surrender, he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East for his role in World War II.
Ikeda Shigeaki (池田成彬; 15 August 1867 – 9 October 1950), also known as Seihin Ikeda, was a politician, cabinet minister…Ikeda Shigeaki (池田成彬; 15 August 1867 – 9 October 1950), also known as Seihin Ikeda, was a politician, cabinet minister and businessman in the Empire of Japan, prominent in the early decades of the 20th century. He served as director of Mitsui Bank from 1909-1933, was appointed governor of the Bank of Japan in 1937, and served as Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe from 1937 to 1939. In 1941, he was made a member of the Imperial Privy Council; following Japan's defeat in World War II, Ikeda was banned from public political service.
Seiichi Kishi (Japanese: 岸清一; August 3, 1867 – October 29, 1933) was the 2nd President of the Japanese Olympic…Seiichi Kishi (Japanese: 岸清一; August 3, 1867 – October 29, 1933) was the 2nd President of the Japanese Olympic Committee (1921–1933).
Takarabe Takeshi (財部 彪; 7 April 1867 – 13 January 1949) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and served as…Takarabe Takeshi (財部 彪; 7 April 1867 – 13 January 1949) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and served as Navy Minister in the 1920s. He was also the son-in-law of Yamamoto Gonnohyōe.
Baron Ichiki Kitokurō (一木 喜徳郎; 7 May 1867 – 17 December 1944) was a Japanese statesman. He served as Minister of…Baron Ichiki Kitokurō (一木 喜徳郎; 7 May 1867 – 17 December 1944) was a Japanese statesman. He served as Minister of Education (1914), Home Minister (1915), Imperial Household Minister (1925), and President of the Privy Council (1934–1936).
Sanji Muto (武藤 山治, 1867–1934) was born on April 5, 1867, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, and later grew up in what is now…Sanji Muto (武藤 山治, 1867–1934) was born on April 5, 1867, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, and later grew up in what is now known as Gifu Prefecture. He was the son of a wealthy village headman who was a strong advocate for education, influenced by the ideas of Fukuzawa Yukichi, particularly after reading "Seiyō Jijō.” Muto attended Keiō Gijuku, now part of Keio University, where he had the opportunity to study directly under Fukuzawa Yukichi. At Keiō, Muto was introduced to British educational methods, which offered a striking contrast to his traditional Confucian background. This exposure ignited Muto's ambition to study at University of Cambridge in England. Graduating from Keiō University in 1884, Muto was poised to pursue further education abroad. However, his plans were derailed by the "Matsukata Deflation," a severe economic downturn that gravely affected farmers and landlords, including Muto's family. Although his father had set aside funds for his education, these plans were thwarted when a relative, who owed money to Muto's father, was bankrupted by the deflation and unable to repay the debt. As a result, Muto was forced to abandon his dream of studying in England.
Mochizuki Keisuke (望月 圭介; 1 April 1867 – 1 January 1941) was a Japanese politician active during the Taishō and early…Mochizuki Keisuke (望月 圭介; 1 April 1867 – 1 January 1941) was a Japanese politician active during the Taishō and early Shōwa periods. He served twice as Minister of Communications (1927–1928, 1935–1936) and once as Minister of Home Affairs (1928–1929). In the latter position, he oversaw increased prosecution of members of the Japanese Communist Party under the Peace Preservation Law.
Yoshimichi Hara (原 嘉道) (18 February 1867 – 7 August 1944) was a Japanese statesman and the president of the Japanese…Yoshimichi Hara (原 嘉道) (18 February 1867 – 7 August 1944) was a Japanese statesman and the president of the Japanese privy council during World War II, from June 1940 until his death. Hara saw the outbreak of a war against the United States to be inevitable due to the growing threat of American influence in the Pacific region prior, and was a key advocate for the attack on Pearl Harbor on the September 6 Gozen Kaigi. Hara was of the opinion that the longer Japan waited to engage the United States, the weaker its position would become, thus subjugating the island nation to the will of American dominance in the region. In the subsequent November 5 Gozen Kaigi, however, Hara pushed for restraint, fearing that an attack on the United States may be seen as a racial war. Thus, Hara opined that an attack would prompt Germany to align with the United States and Britain due to a "common hatred of the yellow race," a fear shared by Hideki Tojo. Hara thus advocated restraint in first strengthening relations with Germany and Italy to avoid "the possibility of Japan being encircled by the Aryan race." Hara, as president of the privy council, had very little political control since almost all political power was concentrated in war cabinets. Hara did, however, act as the voice for Emperor Hirohito in the privy council and delivered the Emperor's decision to go to war on 1 December 1941, stating that to yield to American demands would threaten the existence of the Empire of Japan. After his death, Hara was decorated with the posthumous title of Imperial Baron (男爵, danshaku). He was the last commoner to become part of the Japanese aristocracy.
Takejirō Tokonami (床次 竹二郎, Tokonami Takejirō; 6 January 1866 – 8 September 1935) was a Japanese statesman, politician…Takejirō Tokonami (床次 竹二郎, Tokonami Takejirō; 6 January 1866 – 8 September 1935) was a Japanese statesman, politician and cabinet minister in Taishō and early Shōwa period Japan. Tokonami was involved in several government agencies throughout his career, and served in the leadership of different political parties. He was regarded by his contemporaries as a rather opportunistic politician eager for an opportunity to become prime minister.
Uchida Kakichi (内田 嘉吉; 18 November 1866 – 3 January 1933) was the 9th Governor-General of Taiwan from 6 September 1923…Uchida Kakichi (内田 嘉吉; 18 November 1866 – 3 January 1933) was the 9th Governor-General of Taiwan from 6 September 1923 to September 1924. Prior to assuming the office of Governor-General, Uchida also served as Chief of Home Affairs under Governors-General Sakuma Samata and Ando Sadami, the second highest position in the colonial government.
