Tōyō Mitsunobu (光延 東洋, Mitsunobu Tōyō; 9 October 1897 – 8 June 1944) was a captain of the Imperial Japanese Navy.…Tōyō Mitsunobu (光延 東洋, Mitsunobu Tōyō; 9 October 1897 – 8 June 1944) was a captain of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Mitunobu worked in the Japanese naval command in China.
Kim U-jin (Korean: 김우진; 19 September 1897 – 4 August 1926) was a Korean playwright, poet, essayist, and dramatist. He…Kim U-jin (Korean: 김우진; 19 September 1897 – 4 August 1926) was a Korean playwright, poet, essayist, and dramatist. He was the first professional literary critic in the history of Korean literature. Among his works, Kim wrote five plays during his brief career, one of them being Wild Pig (1926).Along with Wild Pig (1926), Kim is well known for his poem, Theory of Life and Death (1926).
Yeom Sang-seop (Korean: 염상섭) (1897–1963) was a South Korean novelist and freedom fighter. He was an early pioneer of…Yeom Sang-seop (Korean: 염상섭) (1897–1963) was a South Korean novelist and freedom fighter. He was an early pioneer of modern narrative in Korea and a "writer of the period of dissatisfaction". In this role, he was one of the first naturalistic and realistic writers in Korean literature. His role in the resistance to Japanese colonialism resulted in his arrest.
Eiichi Nishimura (西村 英一, Nishimura Eiichi; 28 August 1897 – 15 September 1987) was a Japanese politician, who served in…Eiichi Nishimura (西村 英一, Nishimura Eiichi; 28 August 1897 – 15 September 1987) was a Japanese politician, who served in the Ikeda, Satō, Tanaka and Fukuda cabinets, and was the first to be appointed to the post of Director of the National Land Agency. Within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), he held influence in Eisaku Satō and Kakuei Tanaka factions, becoming known as the "king's counselor", or the one able to speak his mind with ease.
Yun Po-sun (Korean: 윤보선, pronounced [junbosʌn] or [jun] [posʌn]; 26 August 1897 – 18 July 1990) was a South Korean…Yun Po-sun (Korean: 윤보선, pronounced [junbosʌn] or [jun] [posʌn]; 26 August 1897 – 18 July 1990) was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the second President of South Korea from 1960 to 1962. He was the only president of the short-lived Second Republic of Korea, and served as little more than a figurehead due to its nature as a parliamentary system. Having entered politics after World War II, Yun served as Secretary to Korea's Chief of Staff in 1947, and was Mayor of Seoul in 1948. He served as Commerce Minister for the newly liberated Korea from 1949 to 1950. In 1955, Yun helped establish the South Korean Democratic Party. He was forced to resign the presidency by Park Chung Hee as a result of the May 16 coup in 1961.
Tohru Uchida (内田亨, August 24, 1897 – October 27, 1981) was a Japanese zoologist who specialised in Cnidaria and who…Tohru Uchida (内田亨, August 24, 1897 – October 27, 1981) was a Japanese zoologist who specialised in Cnidaria and who taught zoology and taxonomy at Hokkaido University, where in 1932 he became the first full time professor of systematic taxonomy in the Department of Zoology (1932-1961). He received his Doctor of Science from Tokyo University in 1923, for work on Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, which was followed with further study in Germany for two years, studying under Frisch in Munich and Goldschmidt in Berlin-Dahlem, in their laboratories. He worked to establish systematic taxonomy of animals and also studied sex changes in amphibians. His areas of interest were broad, and in addition to his specialty of invertebrates he also published on birds and mammals. He also wrote essays and other works, and in 1953 won the first Japan Essayist Club Award for "The Woodpecker's Path". In 1961, he became president of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology.
Kōsaku Aruga (有賀 幸作, Aruga Kōsaku; August 21, 1897 – April 7, 1945), was a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy…Kōsaku Aruga (有賀 幸作, Aruga Kōsaku; August 21, 1897 – April 7, 1945), was a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He commanded the battleship Yamato during its final mission, Operation Ten-Go.
Yun Sim-deok (Korean: 윤심덕; Hanja: 尹心悳; 25 July 1897 – 4 August 1926) was a Korean singer. She was the country's first…Yun Sim-deok (Korean: 윤심덕; Hanja: 尹心悳; 25 July 1897 – 4 August 1926) was a Korean singer. She was the country's first professional soprano.
Katsuo Okazaki (岡崎 勝男, Okazaki Katsuo; 10 July 1897 – 10 October 1965) was a Japanese diplomat, politician and…Katsuo Okazaki (岡崎 勝男, Okazaki Katsuo; 10 July 1897 – 10 October 1965) was a Japanese diplomat, politician and sportsman. He served as the Japanese foreign minister in the 1950s. He was also the final – and only Japanese – chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council.
Luke (Lucas) Hasegawa (9 July 1897 – 3 July 1967) was a Japanese artist and convert to Catholicism who was commissioned…Luke (Lucas) Hasegawa (9 July 1897 – 3 July 1967) was a Japanese artist and convert to Catholicism who was commissioned to paint murals remembering the 26 Martyrs of Nagasaki for the Church of the Holy Japanese Martyrs in Civitavecchia, Italy. He is a graduate of Morning Star (Gyosei) International School in Tokyo. His work is documented in a book titled Each with His Own Brush: Contemporary Christian Art in Asia and Africa by Daniel Johnson Fleming, published by Friendship Press in 1938.
Kaoru Shima (島薫, Shima Kaoru; 2 July 1897 – 16 May 1977) was a Japanese physician. He was the first director of the…Kaoru Shima (島薫, Shima Kaoru; 2 July 1897 – 16 May 1977) was a Japanese physician. He was the first director of the rebuilt Shima Hospital, located at the hypocenter of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He is known as the "father of the Hiroshima Surgical Society".
Seiichirō Furuta (古田 誠一郎, Furuta Seiichirō; 27 June 1897 – 3 December 1992) was a Japanese social reformer, educator…Seiichirō Furuta (古田 誠一郎, Furuta Seiichirō; 27 June 1897 – 3 December 1992) was a Japanese social reformer, educator, radio and TV personality, and politician from Wakayama city, Wakayama Prefecture. One of the leaders of the Boy Scouts' early days in Japan and the first to be elected mayor of Takatsuki, Osaka, he served as the director of the Scout Association of Japan, as well as executive director of the Japan Camping Federation.
Tokutarō Sakurai (桜井徳太郎, Sakurai Tokutarō; 21 June 1897 – 28 December 1980) was a major general in the Imperial…Tokutarō Sakurai (桜井徳太郎, Sakurai Tokutarō; 21 June 1897 – 28 December 1980) was a major general in the Imperial Japanese Army, commanding Japanese ground forces in Burma during World War II.
Shunichi Matsumoto (松本 俊一, Matsumoto Shun'ichi; 7 June 1897 – 25 January 1987) was a Japanese diplomat and politician…Shunichi Matsumoto (松本 俊一, Matsumoto Shun'ichi; 7 June 1897 – 25 January 1987) was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary, ambassador to the United Kingdom and vice minister for foreign affairs.
Yasujirō Shimazu (島津 保次郎, Shimazu Yasujirō; 3 June 1897 – 18 September 1945) was a Japanese film director and…Yasujirō Shimazu (島津 保次郎, Shimazu Yasujirō; 3 June 1897 – 18 September 1945) was a Japanese film director and screenwriter, and a pioneer of the shōshimin-eiga (common people drama) genre at the Shōchiku studios in pre-World War II Japan.
Count Muneyoshi Tokugawa (徳川 宗敬, Tokugawa Muneyoshi; 31 May 1897 – 1 May 1989) was a Japanese forester, politician and…Count Muneyoshi Tokugawa (徳川 宗敬, Tokugawa Muneyoshi; 31 May 1897 – 1 May 1989) was a Japanese forester, politician and Shintō priest. His court rank was Junior Third Rank.
Zhou Fohai (Chinese: 周佛海; pinyin: Zhōu Fóhǎi; Wade–Giles: Chou Fo-hai; Hepburn: Shū Futsukai; May 29, 1897 – February…Zhou Fohai (Chinese: 周佛海; pinyin: Zhōu Fóhǎi; Wade–Giles: Chou Fo-hai; Hepburn: Shū Futsukai; May 29, 1897 – February 28, 1948) was a Chinese politician and the second-in-command of the Executive Yuan in Wang Jingwei regime government. Zhou also led the CC Clique's branch in Wang's regime.
Shogo Taguchi (1897 – 14 August 1943) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art…Shogo Taguchi (1897 – 14 August 1943) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Aiichirō Fujiyama (藤山 愛一郎, Fujiyama Aiichirō; May 22, 1897 – February 22, 1985) was a Japanese politician of the…Aiichirō Fujiyama (藤山 愛一郎, Fujiyama Aiichirō; May 22, 1897 – February 22, 1985) was a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party and business executive. A business executive who symbolized "big business" in Japan as president of Dai Nippon Sugar Manufacturing Co. and executive officer of Nitto Chemical Industry Co., he used his influence to bring about the fall of Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō in 1944. After Japan's World War II surrender, Fujiyama was imprisoned without a trial for three years, having been accused of "war crimes". After his release he represented Japan at the 1951 UNESCO meeting in Paris and later served as Chairman of Japan Airlines (1951–1953). In 1955 and 1956, Fujiyama, who was Chairman of the Japan Chamber of Commerce at the time, strongly supported Nobusuke Kishi as a successor to Ichirō Hatoyama to the President of the Liberal Democratic Party, according to a report by the Central Intelligence Agency. Fujiyama was elected to Parliament in 1957 and was reelected five times. As Foreign Minister in the cabinet of Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi (1957–1960), he headed Japan's first delegation to the United Nations (1957), helped revise the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty (1960), and promoted the restoration of diplomatic relations between Japan and China. He also served in the cabinet of Kishi's successor Hayato Ikeda as Director of Japan's Economic Planning Agency. During the 1960s, he controlled a personal faction within the LDP, closely aligned with the Kishi faction, and ran unsuccessfully several times for presidency of the LDP. In 1970, Fujiyama made an unsanctioned trip to the People's Republic of China in an effort to expand Japanese trade relations with China.
Masanosuke Fukuda (福田 雅之助, Fukuda Masanosuke; 4 May 1897 – 22 December 1974) was a Japanese male tennis player who…Masanosuke Fukuda (福田 雅之助, Fukuda Masanosuke; 4 May 1897 – 22 December 1974) was a Japanese male tennis player who represented Japan in the Davis Cup and Olympic Games. He competed in the singles event at the 1924 Summer Olympics, reaching the fourth round in which he lost to Henri Cochet. With compatriot Asaji Honda he competed in the men's doubles event and reached the second round. In 1923 he won the Orange Invitation tournament against Frank Anderson. He competed in the 1924 Wimbledon Championships and reached the third round in the singles event and the second round in the doubles.
Seiji Togo (東郷 青児, Tōgō Seiji; 1897–1978) was a Japanese painter and artist known for his depiction of the female form.…Seiji Togo (東郷 青児, Tōgō Seiji; 1897–1978) was a Japanese painter and artist known for his depiction of the female form. Born in Kagoshima Prefecture Japan, he graduated from middle school at Aoyama Gakuin University and displayed his first one-man show at Hibiya Art Museum at the age of 18. He later participated in the Futurist movement while studying in France. In 1928, he returned to Japan and was awarded the 1st Showa Western Art Promotion Award. In discussions of early Surrealism in Japan, a Sompo Museum of Art collection entry for Tōgō's 1929 painting Surrealistic Stroll (exhibited at the 16th Nika Exhibition as Déclaration (超現実派風の散歩)) notes that it was discussed as a "new tendency" alongside works by Harue Koga and Kongō Abe and that Atorie published a Surrealism special issue in January 1930. Stojkovic describes that January 1930 issue as Japan's first magazine issue dedicated to Surrealist visual art. In 1957, Togo received the Japan Art Academy Award, and in 1961 became a member of the Japan Art Academy. In 1969, was declared an Officier d'ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government and in 1976 was decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun, Second Class, with Rays. Togo died in 1978 in Kumamoto at the age of 80. Later that year, he was posthumously named a Person of Cultural Merit of the fourth court rank by the Japanese government. His works can be seen at the Seiji Togo Memorial SOMPO Japan Museum of art in Tokyo, where more than 200 of his most prominent works are kept.
Iida Chōko (Japanese: 飯田 蝶子; April 15, 1897 – December 26, 1972) was a Japanese actress. Her real name was Shigehara…Iida Chōko (Japanese: 飯田 蝶子; April 15, 1897 – December 26, 1972) was a Japanese actress. Her real name was Shigehara Tefu. She played working class women and grandmothers, and appeared in more than 300 films. Her husband was cameraman Shigehara Hideo.
Takuji Nakamura (1 April 1897 – 31 January 1988) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the…Takuji Nakamura (1 April 1897 – 31 January 1988) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Tachihikari Denemon (Japanese: 太刀光 電右エ門; 29 March 1897 – 15 May 1952) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from…Tachihikari Denemon (Japanese: 太刀光 電右エ門; 29 March 1897 – 15 May 1952) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Mikasa, Hokkaido. His highest rank was ōzeki. He was a member of the Tomozuna and Takasago stable. After retiring in 1927 he was an elder of the Japan Sumo Association under the name of Naruto (鳴戸).
Yusuke Hagihara (萩原 雄祐, Hagihara Yūsuke; 28 March 1897 in Osaka – 29 January 1979 in Tokyo) was a Japanese astronomer…Yusuke Hagihara (萩原 雄祐, Hagihara Yūsuke; 28 March 1897 in Osaka – 29 January 1979 in Tokyo) was a Japanese astronomer noted for his contributions to celestial mechanics.
Kanji Ida (Japanese: 井田 完二, Ida Kanji; 23 March 1897 – 1988) was a Japanese Home Ministry bureaucrat. He held the court…Kanji Ida (Japanese: 井田 完二, Ida Kanji; 23 March 1897 – 1988) was a Japanese Home Ministry bureaucrat. He held the court rank of Junior Sixth Rank and later headed the Ida Patent Office. He served as mayor of Hiroshima in 1934-1935.
Kiyohiko Ushihara (牛原 虚彦, Ushihara Kiyohiko; 2 March 1897 – 20 May 1985) was a Japanese film director most famous for…Kiyohiko Ushihara (牛原 虚彦, Ushihara Kiyohiko; 2 March 1897 – 20 May 1985) was a Japanese film director most famous for his gendaigeki of the silent era.
Shidzue Katō (加藤 シヅエ, Katō Shizue; March 2, 1897 – December 22, 2001), also published as Shidzue Ishimoto, was a…Shidzue Katō (加藤 シヅエ, Katō Shizue; March 2, 1897 – December 22, 2001), also published as Shidzue Ishimoto, was a 20th-century Japanese feminist and one of the first women elected to the Diet of Japan, best known as a pioneer in the birth control movement. She is known in the U.S. as the "Margaret Sanger of Japan".
Yoshie Ōishi (Japanese: 大石ヨシエ; 12 February 1897 – 7 June 1971) was a Japanese politician. She was one of the first…Yoshie Ōishi (Japanese: 大石ヨシエ; 12 February 1897 – 7 June 1971) was a Japanese politician. She was one of the first group of women elected to the House of Representatives in 1946.
Itsurō Sakisaka (向坂 逸郎, Sakisaka Itsurō) (6 February 1897 – 22 January 1985) was a Japanese Marxian economist and…Itsurō Sakisaka (向坂 逸郎, Sakisaka Itsurō) (6 February 1897 – 22 January 1985) was a Japanese Marxian economist and socialist thinker. A professor of economics at Kyushu University, he was a leading theoretician of the left wing of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) and co-founder and long-time leader of the Socialist Association (Shakaishugi Kyōkai).
Suzuki Keiji (鈴木敬司, Keiji Suzuki; February 6, 1897 – September 20, 1967) was a Japanese army intelligence officer…Suzuki Keiji (鈴木敬司, Keiji Suzuki; February 6, 1897 – September 20, 1967) was a Japanese army intelligence officer during the Second World War. Operating primarily in Burma, he helped form the Burma Independence Army and was an advocate for Burmese independence, described as a "Japanese Lawrence of Arabia". The Burmese refererred to him by the nom de guerre Bo Mogyo, meaning "Thunderbolt Commander".
Susumu Yamaguchi (25 January 1897 – 25 November 1983) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event…Susumu Yamaguchi (25 January 1897 – 25 November 1983) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Hisako Yoneyama (Japanese: 米山久; 17 January 1897 – 9 February 1981) was a Japanese poet, activist and politician. She…Hisako Yoneyama (Japanese: 米山久; 17 January 1897 – 9 February 1981) was a Japanese poet, activist and politician. She was one of the first group of women elected to the House of Representatives in 1946.
Captain Eikichi Kato (加藤 榮吉, Katō Eikichi; January 10, 1897 – August 1, 1946) was a senior officer in the Imperial…Captain Eikichi Kato (加藤 榮吉, Katō Eikichi; January 10, 1897 – August 1, 1946) was a senior officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Kato was the senior officer of the Imperial Japanese Navy forces on the Bonis Peninsula and Buka Island during the latter stages of World War II. Lieutenant Kawanishi Shotaro was appointed by Captain Kato as the envoy to meet Australian officers on 14 September 1945 off Soraken Peninsula, to discuss the surrender of the Imperial Japanese Navy forces on the Bonis Peninsula and Buka Island. Captain Kato was charged of the murder of seven civilian inhabitants of North Bougainville between September 1943 and October 1945, where he pleaded not guilty. After the war, Kato was convicted of war crimes by an Australian military court and executed by hanging in Rabaul in 1946.
Kiyoshi Miki (Japanese: 三木 清, Hepburn: Miki Kiyoshi; January 5, 1897 – September 26, 1945) was a Japanese philosopher…Kiyoshi Miki (Japanese: 三木 清, Hepburn: Miki Kiyoshi; January 5, 1897 – September 26, 1945) was a Japanese philosopher, literary critic, scholar and university professor. He was an esteemed student of Nishida Kitarō and a prominent member of the Kyoto School. Miki was a prolific academic and social critic of his time. He also had tense relations with both Japanese Marxism and the Imperial government at various stages of his career.
Viscount Michiharu Mishima (三島 通陽, Mishima Michiharu; 1 January 1897 – 20 April 1965) was a novelist, playwright and…Viscount Michiharu Mishima (三島 通陽, Mishima Michiharu; 1 January 1897 – 20 April 1965) was a novelist, playwright and drama critic. His pen name was Shōdō Mishima (三島 章道 Mishima Shōdō).
Lei Chen (Chinese: 雷震; pinyin: Léi Zhèn; 8 July 1897 – 7 March 1979) was a Chinese politician and dissident who was the…Lei Chen (Chinese: 雷震; pinyin: Léi Zhèn; 8 July 1897 – 7 March 1979) was a Chinese politician and dissident who was the early leading figure in the movement to bring fuller democracy to the government of the Republic of China. Born in Zhejiang in 1897, Lei was educated at Kyoto Imperial University in imperial Japan. His early political career included posts as the secretary-general of the National Political Assembly and Constituent National Assembly. He also served on the Control Yuan, as minister without portfolio, and presidential adviser. Lei Chen helped found and produce the periodical Free China, published beginning in 1950. Lei was expelled from the Kuomintang in 1954. Six years later, he founded the China Democracy Party with Hsu Shih-hsien and Huang Hua, among others. Shortly thereafter, Lei was charged with sedition and jailed. The charges are widely regarded as having been falsified by the Taiwan government and its then-ruling party the Kuomintang in response to Lei Chen's criticisms. He was released in 1970 and died on 7 March 1979, aged 82. He was married to Sung Ying, who had also served on the Control Yuan . Lei was posthumously exonerated by the Transitional Justice Commission in May 2019.
Junichiro Ishikawa (1897 – 1987) was a Japanese architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art…Junichiro Ishikawa (1897 – 1987) was a Japanese architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Inagaki Chūsei, originally Kōtarō (Japanese:稲垣 仲静; 1897, Kyoto - 24 June 1922, Kyoto) was a Japanese painter in the…Inagaki Chūsei, originally Kōtarō (Japanese:稲垣 仲静; 1897, Kyoto - 24 June 1922, Kyoto) was a Japanese painter in the nihonga style. His younger brother, Inagaki Toshijiro, was a well-known woodcut artist and textile designer who was named a National Treasure.
Chiura Obata (小圃 千浦, Obata Chiura; November 18, 1885 – October 6, 1975) was a well-known Japanese American artist and…Chiura Obata (小圃 千浦, Obata Chiura; November 18, 1885 – October 6, 1975) was a well-known Japanese American artist and popular art teacher. A self-described "roughneck", Obata went to the United States in 1903, at age 17. After initially working as an illustrator and commercial decorator, he had a successful career as a painter, following a 1927 summer spent in the Sierra Nevada, and was a faculty member in the Art Department at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1932 to 1954, interrupted by World War II, when he spent a year in an internment camp, where he acted as the founding director of the art school at the Topaz incarceration camp in 1942. He later emerged as a leading figure in the Northern California art scene and as an influential educator, teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, for nearly twenty years. After his retirement, he continued to paint and to lead group tours to Japan to see gardens and art.
Aijiro Tomita (富田 愛次郎, Tomita Aijirō; 5 December 1885 – 3 November 1954) was a Japanese politician who served as…Aijiro Tomita (富田 愛次郎, Tomita Aijirō; 5 December 1885 – 3 November 1954) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from January 1937 to November 1938. He was governor of Mie Prefecture from 1935 to 1937.
Tetsugorō Yorozu (萬 鉄五郎, Yorosu Tetsugorō; November 17, 1885 – May 1, 1927) was a Japanese painter, noted for his work…Tetsugorō Yorozu (萬 鉄五郎, Yorosu Tetsugorō; November 17, 1885 – May 1, 1927) was a Japanese painter, noted for his work in introducing the Avant-garde trend, especially cubism into Japanese yōga (Western-style) painting in the early 20th century.
Hōei Nojiri (野尻 抱影, Nojiri Hōei; November 15, 1885 – October 30, 1977) was a Japanese essayist and astronomer. He was a…Hōei Nojiri (野尻 抱影, Nojiri Hōei; November 15, 1885 – October 30, 1977) was a Japanese essayist and astronomer. He was a brother of the novelist Nojiri Haruhikoˀ, whose pen name was Osaragi Jirō. In 1930 he coined the Japanese word Meiōsei (冥王星, "Star of the King (God) of the Underworld") for the then-newly-discovered dwarf planet Pluto. The name was then borrowed into Chinese and Korean.
Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文, Yamashita Tomoyuki; 8 November 1885 – 23 February 1946; also called Tomobumi Yamashita) was…Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文, Yamashita Tomoyuki; 8 November 1885 – 23 February 1946; also called Tomobumi Yamashita) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Yamashita led Japanese forces during the invasion of Malaya and Battle of Singapore. His conquest of Malaya and Singapore in 70 days earned him the sobriquet "The Tiger of Malaya". He was assigned to defend the Philippines from the advancing Allies later in the war. Although he was unable to prevent the superior Allied forces from advancing, despite dwindling supplies and Allied guerrilla action, he was able to hold on to part of Luzon until after the formal surrender of Japan in August 1945. Under Yamashita's command, at least 350,000 to 450,000 were killed. Yamashita was in overall command during the Sook Ching massacre, the Rape of Manila, and other atrocities. After the war, Yamashita was tried for war crimes committed by troops under his command during the Japanese defense of the occupied Philippines in 1944. Yamashita denied ordering those war crimes and said that he did not have knowledge that they occurred. Conflicting evidence was presented during the trial concerning whether Yamashita had implicitly affirmed commission of these crimes in his orders and whether he knew of the crimes being committed. The court eventually found Yamashita guilty and he was executed in February, 1946. The ruling against Yamashita – holding the commander responsible for subordinates' war crimes as long as the commander did not attempt to discover and stop them from occurring – came to be known as the Yamashita standard.
Keisuke Fujie (藤江 恵輔, Fujie Keisuke; 8 November 1885 – 27 February 1969) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in…Keisuke Fujie (藤江 恵輔, Fujie Keisuke; 8 November 1885 – 27 February 1969) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. Fujie's wife was the daughter of Prime Minister Kantarō Suzuki.
Kōji Sakai (酒井 鎬次, Sakai Kōji; 4 November 1885 – 2 March 1973) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army…Kōji Sakai (酒井 鎬次, Sakai Kōji; 4 November 1885 – 2 March 1973) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War
